• Wheat bunt

  kernels, which in turn become a source of disease in the next season. Infection is strongly correlated to temperature and precipitation in the first 11 days [...] rupture at harvest and release black, powdery spores, that smell like fish, hence the common name stinking bunt. Life cycle and appearance of Wheat bunt Tilletia [...] Tilletia tritici and Tilletia laevis survive as teliospores in the soil or on seed. These teliospores germinate in response to moisture and form basidiospores

• Loose smut of barley

  sign of infection is the appearance of a smutted ear. Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut spores. Life cycle and appearance [...] appearance of Loose smut of barley The seeds are infected during flowering and the infected seeds are the primary source of inoculum in the next crop. The [...] within a day and infect the inner tissues of the newly infected seed. During maturation of the seed, the mycelium becomes thick-walled and swollen as a

• Loose smut of wheat

  appearance of a smutted ear. Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut spores. Life cycle and appearance of Loose smut of wheat [...] during flowering and the infected seeds are the primary source of inoculum in the next crop. The fungus survives inside the seed and when the seed germinates [...] within a day and infect the inner tissues of the newly infected seed. During maturation of the seed, the mycelium becomes thick-walled and swollen as a

• Black rot of carrots

  stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary infection of the [...] direct and through wounds and stomata. Spores are dispersed by wind and in some species through the splash of rain. How to prevent Black rot of carrots [...] specific symptoms. Life cycle and appearance of Black rot of carrots Black rot of carrots ( Alternaria radicina ) is a seed-transferred carrot disease. The seeds

• Black leg of seedlings

  symptom of a Pythium infection is the easy stripping of the skin from the root cortex with a finger nail. Life cycle and appearance of Black leg of seedlings [...] temperatures and causes among others cereal diseases. Damage symptoms Pythium affects roots, in particular those of seedlings. Infected plants lag in growth [...] irreversibly. In potted plants the flower buds fall off. The side roots rot and very little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil or

• Root rot of carrot

  surviving plants exhibit by necrotic leaf spots Life cycle and appearance of Root rot of carrots The fungus of R. carotae has delicate, simple morphological [...] concentration of this disease in the rather acidic soils (of southwestern Norway). Spore germination was inhibited in nonsterile soil but not in similar soil [...] lesions of various shapes. The lesions can merge and eventually cover the entire surface of the carrot. The affected areas are firm, shallow, and clearly

• Spider mites and other mites

  control of spider mites and other mites Spider mites and other mite species can rapidly infest greenhouse and field crops, feeding on plant cells and causing [...] such webs in which the mites live. The webbing and spotting on the leaves affect the appearance of the crop. This is of particular concern in ornamental [...] Biological control of spider mites and other mites uses a range of natural enemies that target different developmental stages of the pest: Predatory mites

• Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

  brown areas. Life cycle and appearance of Pea blight, leaf and pod spot Ascochyta pisi hardly survives in the soil or on crop residues because of its poor [...] blight) and lesions of stems, leaves, and pods (pea leaf spot and pea pod spot). Damage symptoms Ascochyta pisi causes spots on leaves, stems and pods of [...] the primary leaves. The fungus is seed borne and thus also causes post- and pre-emergence damping off and dwarfing. Other Ascochyta species may also infect

• Chula Brand is a pioneer in biological pest control in papaya

  20 years of experience in the production and distribution of papaya and other tropical fruits such as pineapple and lime. An important part of their mission [...] company in the production and export of papayas, which has managed to control the pests responsible for losses in its production in a safe and effective [...] aphids and leafhoppers through the release and establishment of their main natural enemies in the crop. "The future of biological control in tropical

• Don Sanchez Fresh innovates with biological control in avocados

  common in avocado production in Mexico, more and more growers are exploring the development and implementation of natural enemies of pests and diseases [...] for the marketing of fruits and vegetables in their aisles. IPM enables farmers to comply with these regulations and ensure safe and environmentally friendly [...] is a producer of avocado, berries and other agricultural crops. Their successful experience with biological control of pests and diseases in crops such as