• Diglyphus isaea

  visible. Pupae are often visible through the leaf. The parasitic wasp escapes from the mine by making a round hole through the upper epidermis. These round [...] faeces. This is probably done to prevent the leaf collapsing should it dry out. At first, the pupa is green with red eyes subsequently turning black, and

• Spider mites and other mites

  the host plant and go through several molts, shedding their exoskeleton as they grow. Adult: When the nymphs reach maturity through a series of molts, they [...] adults. Predatory bugs and gall midges complement this activity by seeking out mite hotspots and reducing outbreaks quickly. With Koppert’s biological solutions [...] Their short life cycle also makes them particularly challenging to manage through traditional pest control methods, emphasizing the importance of integrated

• Neoseiulus californicus

  following pests: Spider mites Neoseiulus californicus mites actively seek out and prey on various spider mite species including Two-spotted spider mite [...] other mites, thrips or pollen. Predatory mites pierce their prey and suck out the contents. When feeding on Two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) [...] transparent white colour. In many cases the colour of the food ingested shines through the skin and shows up as an X-shaped marking on the back. If the food supply

• Gummy stem blight

  directly, through wounds, hydathodes (the end of leaf veins) or the hair bases. Stems are infected through wounds and by the infected leaves through the petioles [...] petioles. Fruits are infected through the flowers. The newly produced ascospores are dispersed by air and the conidiospores by water drops, tools and hands

• Tobacco whitefly

  quantities. The damage that whiteflies cause to a crop is the result of sucking out the sap from the plant leaves and secreting honeydew. This can have the following [...] appearance of Tobacco whitefly The tobacco whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci ) goes through six stages, namely egg, first, second, third and fourth larval stage (often

• Phytophthora blight

  circling the stem. On potato tubers, blueish lesions appear, that can be seen through the skin. The Great Famine was a period of mass starvation caused by this [...] the host. Zoospores are spores with flagellae which enable them to move through water. Infection is usually from the root to the foot, but direct infection [...] containing sporangia, a type of spores) with sporangia are formed that protrude through the stomata. Secondary infection is either by germinating sporangia or by

• Black leg of seedlings

  the spores to move through water. The zoospores are chemically drawn to the growing roots of young plants and move towards them through the soil water. They [...] They infect the roots through small wounds, where the side roots are formed or through other similarly damaged spots. On the infected plant, new sporangia

• Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

  but can grow in senescent leaves and from there grow through the petiole to the main stem through the xylem vessels. High humidity is required for disease [...] carotovora subsp. carotovora or Pectobacterium carovora infects plants through fresh wounds, for example pruning wounds. It cannot infect healthy green

• Damping-off

  the spores to move through water. The zoospores are chemically drawn to the growing roots of young plants and move towards them through the soil water. They [...] They infect the roots through small wounds, where the side roots are formed or through other similarly damaged spots. On the infected plant, new sporangia

• Blight of pepper

  the host. Zoospores are spores with flagellae, which enable them to move through water. Infection is usually from the root to the foot, but direct infection [...] containing sporangia, a type of spores) with sporangia are formed that protrude through the stomata. Secondary infection is either by germinating sporangia or by [...] Dispersal in the soil happens via water, since the zoospores can readily move through water. This explains why the disease spreads more rapidly when the water