Leaf miners

miners Leaf miner damage Leaf miners cause damage to plants both directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue [...] , the larvae of these species are parasitized by parasitic wasps and so cause few problems. However, the use of chemical insecticides kills these natural [...] the biological control of other crop pests. The leaf miner species that cause damage in horticultural crops are mostly polyphagous; that is, they feed

Downy mildew of Cucurbits

General Pseudoperonospora cubensis is a plant pathogen causing downy mildew on cucurbit crops like cucumber, cantaloupe, pumpkin, watermelon and squash [...] pathogens infect mostly the leaves but occasionally also stems and fruits. They cause lesions on the upper leaf surface, bordered by the veins, which are first [...] extruding from the stomata. Life cycle and appearance of Downy mildew Pathogens causing downy mildew are not fungi but Oomycetes and related to Pythium and Phytophthora

Black sigatoka disease

an ascomycete fungus that causes leaf-spot of banana. Damage symptoms Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis ) first causes small, light yellow spots [...] the conidia are splash-dispersed within the crop. Both types of spores cause the exact same symptoms. They enter the leaf through the stomata. After infection

Phytophthora blight

potato blight and late / early blight of potato. Damage symptoms Phytophthora causes root rot, seedling damping off and rot of stems, bulbs, tubers, leaves and [...] Late blight or Phytophthora blight (Phytophtora infestans f.sp. infestans ) causes water-soaked lesions with vague borders and white fluffy fungal growth on [...] seen through the skin. The Great Famine was a period of mass starvation caused by this disease which ravaged potato crops throughout Europe during the

Tomato leaf miner

gerbera. Damage symptoms Leaf miners cause damage to plants both directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue [...] destroyed as a result of the direct damage caused by leaf miners. Indirect damage arises when disease causing fungi or bacteria enter the plant tissue via [...] The tomato leaf miner (Liriomyza bryoniae) has many host plants and has caused crop damage in many parts of the world, including North Africa, Europe and

Broad mite

crops. Damage symptoms The damage caused by the broad mite ( Polyphagotarsonemus latus ) can look similar to the damage caused by viruses. The typical pattern [...] well as insect and mite predators and parasites. Those living on plants can cause considerable damage to their host. Tarsonemids like the broad mite ( Pol [...] tissue, like the growing tips, young leaves and flower buds. The mechanism causing the deformation is not yet fully understood, possibly the mites, whilst

Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

renamed Pectobacterium carotovora . It is one of the pectolytic bacteria causing extensive bacterial rots (bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot). Damage [...] tomato, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora or Pectobacterium carovora causes bacterial stem rot as well as soft rot. Stem rot is first noticed when plants [...] pathogen in plants that are infected by other pathogens. The bacteria that causes black leg in potato is a different subspecies. How to prevent Bacterial

Brown root rot, corky root rot

xylem tissues which distinguishes it from wilts caused by Verticillium or Fusarium . Progressive disease causes more and more destruction of the root system [...] lycopersici is a fungal plant pathogen, infecting tomatoes and aubergine. It causes brown root rot and corky root rot. Damage symptoms The first signs of this

Thrips

Thrips damage Thrips cause damage to the plant by piercing the cells of the surface tissue and sucking out their contents, causing the surrounding tissue [...] species. Most are harmless, some are predators, and fewer than 20 species can cause problems in agriculture and horticulture. Thrips are small insects (0.5-14 [...] temperate regions they are not larger than 2.5 mm. All thrips species that cause damage in green-houses belong to the family Thripidae. Find solutions for

Mealybugs and scales

A very small population can thus cause considerable loss of value. Soft scales feed mostly on leaves and twigs, causing discolouration of foliage, stunting [...] of plants and are mostly host plant specific. Apart from the damage they cause by sucking plant sap, mealybugs and soft scales also produce honeydew (on [...] nymphs and females extract the sap from the plant, stunting growth and causing deformation and/or yellowing of leaves, sometimes followed by defoliation