Black leg of seedlings

survive very well in the soil or substrate in the absence of plants. Many species are entirely saprophytic, so these do not harm plants. How to prevent Black [...] Pythium affects roots, in particular those of seedlings. Infected plants lag in growth. Seedlings fall over (‘ damping-off ’). In slightly older plants [...] are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress, caused for example by too much water, too high or low temperatures or sudden fluctuations in temperature

Green peach aphid

persicae subsp. persicae ) is an important insect pest in sweet pepper, tomato, cucumber and many other greenhouse crops. The aphid may originate from Asia [...] occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield, Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low [...] transmit at least 100 different viruses and is thus rightfully feared by many growers. Nymphs and adults extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the

Damping-off

survive very well in the soil or substrate in the absence of plants. Many species are entirely saprophytic, so these do not harm plants. How to prevent Damping-off [...] higher temperatures in the soil or irrigation water. Pythium aphanidermatum mostly occurs in young plants and damage is more extensive in young crops. Damage [...] are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress, caused for example by too much water, too high or low temperatures or sudden fluctuations in temperature

Beneficial nematodes

bodies, and they come in a variety of sizes, ranging from microscopic to several inches in length. Nematodes play various roles in ecosystems. Some are [...] They are used in turfgrass management and for controlling pests in several vegetable crops, blueberries, and other soft fruit crops. How to apply nematodes [...] no residue How do nematodes work? Beneficial nematodes use a fascinating strategy for parasitizing and killing their host insects. Here's how they work:

Beneficial microorganisms

biological systems and organisms. These microorganisms play a crucial role in biological pest control by effectively infecting and controlling harmful pests [...] for pest control include fungi, bacteria and viruses that naturally occur in environments such as soil, water, and air. These microorganisms are harnessed [...] bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis . Beneficial microorganisms for pest control How it works Infection and colonization: Beneficial microorganisms start by infecting

Caterpillars

them feed on nectar. In contrast, the caterpillars have biting and chewing mouthparts and can devour large amounts of plant tissue. Many species cause damage [...] caterpillars. Some species mine in leaves or bore holes into fruit or stems, making them difficult to detect and control. In addition to consumption of the [...] than 150,000 species, that are easily distinguishable from other insects. Many of the butterfly species that are active during the day can be strikingly

Chilli thrips

Adults has heavily fringed wings and grey in colour. Life cycle is short and completed in 15 to 20 days as many as 25 overlapping generations per year. [...] eggs in the youngest plant tissues. Eggs are oval, whitish to yellow and kidney shaped. Nymphs are tiny, slender, fragile and yellowish straw in colour [...] commonly known as the chilli thrips, is an emerging pest of significant concern in greenhouse cultivation. Known for its ability to damage a wide variety of

Leaf miners

cosmetic damage. In (sub)tropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown plants [...] the leaves of plants, creating ‘mines’. There are many species of leaf miner affecting various crops in temperate parts of the world. Under natural conditions [...] The leaf miner species that cause damage in horticultural crops are mostly polyphagous; that is, they feed on many crops. However, this is not universal among

Two-spotted spider mite

yellow, and in many plants the damage can also be seen on the upper surface of leaves as small yellow dots. The destruction of cells results in reduced p [...] worldwide and many of them are major crop pests. The two-spotted spider mite ( Tetranychus urticae ) is by far the most important species in greenhouses [...] such webs in which the mites live. The webbing and spotting on the leaves affects the appearance of the crop. This is of particular concern in ornamental

Tropicals

not do well in direct sunlight and should be located in shadier environments. Because many tropical plants naturally grow near the sea, many species of [...] Plants’, are plants that grow naturally in a tropical climate. Tropical plant is a typical north American term, whereas in other countries this group of plants [...] come in both blooming and foliage plants. Bromeliads, palms, and orchids are considered tropical plants. Contrary to what most people expect, many of the