• Glasshouse potato aphid

  immediate effects of piercing by the aphids are visible in lower leaves in the form of yellow patches. Heavy yellowing may even be followed by defoliation. Life [...] potato aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. When reproduction is asexual, the

• Green peach aphid

  quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black fungal moulds ( [...] peach aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. When reproduction is asexual, the

• Loose smut of wheat

  It only becomes visible after head emergence. The teliospores that are formed on systemically infected seeds then infect neighbouring new seeds. They

• Loose smut of barley

  It only becomes visible after head emergence. The teliospores that are formed on systemically infected seeds then infect neighbouring new seeds. They

• Root rot of carrot

  olive-green mycelium can develop on the surface. Initially, the disease forms circular to irregular spots on the leaves that vary in colour from grey to [...] carrot roots: Mechanical damages: Pathogenic fungi often enter through wounds formed during harvest. Pre-storage treatments to harden the periderm and heal wounds

• American serpentine leaf miner

  from its egg, so that its mines join to form small plates. In various other crops one finds intermediate forms of tunnelling between these ‘plate mines’

• Citrus leaf miner

  mining between the two layers. The larvae excrete their faeces into the mine forming a visible trail. Pupation occurs inside the mines and tiny adult emerge

• Consumers

  your plate, it has already had a very long journey. The plant first has to form fruit before the tomato can actually start to grow. In nature, insects and [...] beneficials and pollinators, microbial products such as bacteria and fungi form a third pillar for the sustainable production of plants and crops. Even though

• Tropicals

  colder climates, but they must be grown inside of greenhouses and with other forms of controlled environment agriculture. For this reason most commercial produced

• Root and crown rot of strawberry

  sis clavispora is mostly found in plants that have been weakened by some form of stress, from underfertilization to water stress (either too much or too