Diamond back moth

xylostella) is suggested to have its origin in Europe, South Africa or East Asia, but is now present wherever its cruciferous hosts exist and it is considered [...] species. It is highly migratory and wind-borne adults can travel long distances to invade crops in other regions. Damage symptoms The caterpillar is a surface [...] pupa is pinkish-white to pinkish-yellow and changes to brown before adult emergence. The adult of the diamond back moth (Plutella xylostella) is slender

Phytophthora blight

through water. Infection is usually from the root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot also occurs. Exudates leaking from growing root tips promote [...] infection is either by germinating sporangia or by zoospores produced in the sporangia. For germination on above-ground plant parts, leaf wetness is required [...] required. Dispersal is by wind and rain causes the pathogen to be returned to the soil from infected plants. Dispersal in the soil happens via water, since

Apple collar rot

through water. Infection is usually from the root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot also occurs. Exudates leaking from growing root tips promote [...] infection is either by germinating sporangia or by zoospores produced in the sporangia. For germination on above-ground plant parts, leaf wetness is required [...] General Phytophthora cactorum is a plant pathogen that causes root rot, rhizome rot of strawberry, apple rot, apple collar rot and crown rot. It has an

Root rot of carrot

fungus appears to prefer older tissue. In the field, the disease is difficult to distinguish from both Cercospora and Alternaria dauci . Cercospora prefers younger [...] or alternate hosts and transfer to annual crops. As far as is known, Daucus carota (carrot) is the only host plant of the fungus. How to prevent root rot [...] pathogens in Northwest Europe. Damage symptoms Rhexocercosporidium carotae is a slow-growing fungus that can infect both roots and foliage. The infection

Bacterial canker of tomato

General Clavibacter is a quarantine organism in Europe, which means that strong efforts are used to prevent the bacterium from entering. When the occasional [...] of C lavibacter infection, but other than that the disease is difficult to distinguish from wilting caused by other pathogens. On potato tubers, first [...] tubers. This discolouration is round, hence the name ring rot. Life cycle and appearance of Bacterial canker of tomato Clavibacter is seed-borne and tuber-borne

Aphidius colemani

wings, and is black with dark brown legs. A female has a more pointed abdomen that is as long as the wings, is equipped with an ovipositor, and is black, with [...] colemani Aphidius colemani is a parasitic wasp used for biological pest control . This species belongs to the Braconidae family and is primarily known for its [...] horticultural environments. Aphidius colemani is widely used in the biological control of aphids . Aphidius colemani is used for the control of the following pests:

Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

yet been defined. The assumption is that the bacteria survive in the soil, but it is possible that first infection is from the propagation material. Infection [...] have been isolated from crazy roots. This disease seems to be caused by a change in the hormonal system of the plant resulting from the Rhizobium infection [...] Agrobacterium rhizogenes and Agrobacterium rubi, n ow the first part of the name is changed to Rhizobium. Rhizobium rhizogenes or Rhizobium radiobacter causes

Cut flowers

and sizes. Hippeastrum is the Latin name for a bulbous plant that originates from Central and South America. It is a bulb plant from the large family of the [...] narcissus family. The Hippeastrum comes from America, from northern Argentina to Mexico and the Caribbean. Is grown from a bulb as a cut flower or sold as a [...] freesia is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant from the Iridaceae family. The cultivated freesias are graceful funnel-shaped hybrids, descended from a number

Pierce's disease of grapevine

leaves along the margin or the tip from early to midsummer. The necrotic area spreads over the leaf from the margin and is marked by a chlorotic band. In the [...] General Xylella fastidiosa is a gram-negative bacterium which is limited to xylem tissue. It has many hosts, many of which show minor or no symptoms. More [...] In peach, the canopy of infected plants is compact and umbrella-like due to the shorter internodes. The foliage is denser and the leaves are a darker green

Spotted Wing Drosophila

distinguished from males of other Drosophila species or SWD females by a large dark spot on each wing, where their common name is derived from. Females have [...] start of its invasion in 2008/2009, the spotted wing drosophila, which is originally from Asia, has spread extensively in North and South America and Europe [...] and grapes. Damage symptoms After oviposition, the respiration tubes extend from the fruit but are difficult to see. Larval feeding in the fruit leads to