Cucumber

cucumber plant has large leaves and it produces an elongated, cylindrical fruit that may become as long as 60 cm or 24 inches long and 10 cm or 3.9 inches in diameter [...] history goes back some 3000 years and it is now being produced on most continents. The cucumber plant is a creeping vine that grows up trellises or other supporting [...] from flowers and their seed develop within the fruit, therefore in botanical terms they are classified as berries. However, like tomatoes and squash, cucumbers

Black leg of seedlings

General Pythium is considered a ‘weak pathogen’, meaning that it can usually only affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress, [...] flower buds fall off. The side roots rot and very little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil or substrate the plant turns brown [...] finger nail. Life cycle and appearance of Black leg of seedlings Pythium belongs to the Oomycetes, a separate group of microorganisms and is therefore not a

Loose smut of wheat

but viability and germination rate should be checked and compensated for Use resistant cultivars Perform field checks for infected seed and prevent the use [...] is a basidiomyceteous fungus that affects wheat. It is also known as loose wheat smut, or loose smut of wheat. Life cycle and appearance of Loose smut of [...] during flowering and the infected seeds are the primary source of inoculum in the next crop. The fungus survives inside the seed and when the seed germinates

Flies

are flies? There are several flies that are pests in agriculture, horticulture and mushroom cultivation. Species that can cause damage or nuisance, are [...] fruits in Europe and North America. Sciarid flies and shore flies are mainly a problem in greenhouses. Their larvae live in the ground and prefer moist substrates [...] immediate result of larvae feeding on root hairs and tender roots as well as stem and leaf tissue and fruits. The lesions caused by feeding larvae provide

Oleander aphid

Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae. It is commonly found feeding on oleander and milkweeds ( Asclepias sp.). The oleander aphid is cosmopolitan, and can be found [...] appearance except that they are smaller. Size ranges from 1.5 to 2.6 mm in length. Females are viviparous and parthenogenetic, meaning that they deposit nymphs [...] aesthetic due to the large amounts of sticky honeydew produced and the resulting black sooty mould that grows on the honeydew. Growing tips can be deformed. Repeated

Bacterial canker of tomato

on stems, leaves and fruits. Leaves and shoots wilt. On the lower leaves, blister-like white lesions occur, which later turn brown and may merge. The leaves [...] the name ring rot. Life cycle and appearance of Bacterial canker of tomato Clavibacter is seed-borne and tuber-borne and primary infection is mostly from [...] protective clothing and gloves, disinfect tools and greenhouse structures Use a crop rotation in field crops of at least two years and alternate with a non-host

Damping-off

General Pythium is considered a ‘weak pathogen’, meaning that it can usually only affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress, [...] flower buds fall off. The side roots rot and very little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil or substrate the plant turns brown [...] finger nail. Life cycle and appearance of Damping-off Pythium belongs to the Oomycetes, a separate group of microorganisms and is therefore not a real

Angular leaf spot

similar to that of a Phytophthora fragariae infection. Life cycle and appearance of Angular leaf spot Xanthomonas fragariae overwinters in plants and dead leaves [...] happens both passively and actively. Infection and disease development are favoured by temperatures around 20 °C during the day and cold nights, in combination [...] merge as they grow and later also become visible on the upper side of the leaf as irregular spots which are first reddish brown and then become necrotic

Fusarium wilt

may occur and cause different symptoms. Fusarium oxysporum is the only Fusarium that actually grows inside the vessel system of the host plant and spreads [...] different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are considered weak pathogens and can only infect wounded or stressed [...] fungi cause vascular wilt, root rot, foot and stem rot, leaf lesions, fruit rot, head blight in cereals and post-harvest decay. Fusarium oxysporum is the

Blight of pepper

Phytophthora capsici is an oomycete plant pathogen that causes blight and fruit rot of peppers and other important commercial crops. Damage symptoms P [...] root rot, seedling damping off and rot of stems, bulbs, tubers, leaves and fruits. Several Phytophthora species cause root- and crown rot in potted plants [...] The small roots die and brown-black lesions occur on the larger roots. Plants wilt and the crown leaves drop off. Life cycle and appearance of Blight