Bacterial wilt, brown rot

quarantine organism in Europe and considered a bioterrorist organism in the United States. It is a commonly found soil-inhabitant in tropical and subtropical [...] for Race 3 is 27 °C, which makes it more dangerous in temperate regions. It survives well in water and in many different soil types and on alternative hosts [...] xylem, causing bacterial wilt and brown rot in a very wide range of potential host plants. Damage symptoms In potato, field symptoms of Ralstonia solanacearum

Root and crown rot of strawberry

New diseases in strawberry have been ascribed to Pestalotiopsis clavispora in the case of root and crown rot (of strawberry), first found in The Netherlands [...] ascospores and conidia, but their role in the epidemic has not yet been established. Pestalotiopsis clavispora is mostly found in plants that have been weakened [...] Netherlands, and Pestalotiopsis longisetula in the case of leaf spots, such as leaf spot of strawberry and fruit rot reported mainly from Brazil. The genus is

Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

growth (crazy roots). In greenhouse vegetables, the roots overgrow the substrate and in severe epidemics the drippers get clogged. In tomato, excessive vegetative [...] caused by a change in the hormonal system of the plant resulting from the Rhizobium infection. Rhizobium rhizogenes puts a Ri-plasmid in the plant tissue [...] gutters etc. Adjust the work order in greenhouses to fit with the hygiene protocol Disinfect the nutrient solution in order to prevent biofilm growth inside

Black leg of seedlings

Pythium affects roots, in particular those of seedlings. Infected plants lag in growth. Seedlings fall over (‘ damping-off ’). In slightly older plants [...] are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress, caused for example by too much water, too high or low temperatures or sudden fluctuations in temperature [...] turn yellow, for example in flower bulbs. At first, the plants recover during the night, but later the plants wilt irreversibly. In potted plants the flower

Apple scab

unripe fruiting bodies in infected fallen leaves or in lesions on twigs. These unripe fruiting bodies, or pseudothecia ripen in winter and form ascospores [...] parts and spore production. In autumn, the fungus produces new pseudothecia in leaves that have already fallen off the trees. In response to the infection [...] results in small dark lesions which may not be noticed before harvest. Life cycle and appearance of Apple scab Venturia inaequalis overwinters in the form

Pomegranate wilt complex

plants show yellowing in some branches or twigs followed by drooping and drying of leaves and branches. The entire tree dies in few months. Dark greyish [...] bark and vascular discoloured bands in the stem and roots. Disease cycle The fungus survives for more than 7 years in infected plant debris and soil. The [...] around the tree for three times at weekly intervals. Mix 10gm Vici Routz SP in 10 liter of water and drench to the root zone per tree 12 days after final

Black root rot of cucurbits

away. Infection in the early stages of the crop results in stunted growth and smaller leaves with an intense green colour. Severe infection in this stage may [...] may kill the plants. In case of a less severe infection, the vines may wilt at a late stage of the crop, but when water supply is in any way limited during [...] black stripes. The disease is usually restricted to a few of the roots but in severe cases all roots may be infected. At the final stage of the disease

Verticillium wilt

are pale-green, then orange-yellow. In the beginning the plant seems to recover at night. The symptoms may occur only in parts of the plant. Cutting the stalk [...] system usually stays mostly intact. In rose, branches die off from the top and purple brown stripes occur on the stem. In tomato, sometimes V-shaped lesions [...] the plant produces gum in the vessels. The presence of both the fungus and the gum causes the xylem vessels to get blocked, which in turn causes the plant

Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

survive as epiphytic bacteria on various plants or in the soil in low densities. It has also been found in the gut of insects, possibly spreading from decaying [...] also be found as secondary pathogen in plants that are infected by other pathogens. The bacteria that causes black leg in potato is a different subspecies [...] extensive bacterial rots (bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot). Damage symptoms In tomato, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora or Pectobacterium carovora causes

Brown root rot, corky root rot

lycopersici survives in the soil and in buried tomato roots as microsclerotia. The microsclerotia germinate and produce mycelium that in turn infect the roots [...] Damage symptoms The first signs of this disease, are poorly looking plants in localized areas of the greenhouse or field. The affected plants may wilt. [...] horizontal bands on the roots with lengthwise cracks. No discoloration is present in the xylem tissues which distinguishes it from wilts caused by Verticillium