• Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

  pisi causes spots on leaves, stems and pods of peas. The spots on leaves and pods are round, on the stems they are more elongated. The lesions are light [...] surrounded by a dark brown to red-brown border. The first infection is often on the primary leaves. The fungus is seed borne and thus also causes post- and [...] transmitted on the outside of the seed coat and cause primary infection. The conidia germinate and infect through the stomata or directly through the cuticle

• Fusarium spp.

  inside the vascular system of the host plant and spreads upwards inside the plants. The other species are dispersed upwards on the outside of the plant [...] wilting which is the main symptom of this Fusarium species. Higher up in the plant, the microconidia germinate and infect the surrounding tissue. On infected [...] produce ascospores. In general, the life cycle of different Fusarium species is similar. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil, and on crop residues

• Black root rot of cucurbits

  may kill the plants. In case of a less severe infection, the vines may wilt at a late stage of the crop, but when water supply is in any way limited during [...] adverse conditions for years in the soil, but little else is known about the life cycle. The fungus is dispersed by water, air and soil particles. How [...] away. Infection in the early stages of the crop results in stunted growth and smaller leaves with an intense green colour. Severe infection in this stage may

• Cutworms

  turn darker. They are laid separately or in batches on the ground, or on the plant close to ground level. The larvae are yellowish when hatching with a [...] several hundred eggs. There are six to seven larval stages. Pupation takes place in the ground. Depending on the temperature, the development from egg to [...] will occasionally tunnel into the growing stalk, disrupting the sap flow in the plant. Life cycle and appearance of Cutworms The adults of Agrotis spp. have

• Cottony soft rot

  only mycelium is produced by the germinating sclerotia. The fungus grows quite rapidly inside the plant and kills the host cells. On the infected plant [...] containing ascospores. The mycelium infects the stem base and the roots, whereas the ascospores infect the above-ground plant parts. In greenhouses, usually [...] ) infection are water-soaked lesions at the stem base. The plant above it wilts and rots. White, fluffy fungal mycelium grows on the lesions, giving this

• Diamond back moth

  crops in other regions. Damage symptoms The caterpillar is a surface feeder. They feed from the lower leaf surface, leaving the wax layer on the upper [...] and active. Except for the first instar, which mines in the leaf tissue, the larvae are voracious surface feeders. The pupae of the diamond back moth (Plutella [...] may occur in the florets. Initially, the pupa is pinkish-white to pinkish-yellow and changes to brown before adult emergence. The adult of the diamond back

• Aphidius ervi

  Aphidius ervi is available in a bottle ( Ervipar ). Spread the material on rock wool slabs or in Diboxes Make sure the material remains dry and is not moved [...] aphid pests. Once the female wasp has laid her eggs inside an aphid, the emerging larvae begin their predatory activity by feeding on the aphid's internal [...] with the parasitic wasp Aphidius ervi Aphidius ervi is a parasitic wasp species that plays a significant role in biological control of aphids . The natural

• Cucumber

  particularly in India. The plant’s cultivation history goes back some 3000 years and it is now being produced on most continents. The cucumber plant is a creeping [...] About The cucumber ( Cucumis sativus ) is a popular, extensively cultivated plant that belongs to the gourd family of Cucurbitaceae . The cucumber originates [...] supporting frames. The plant supports itself with thin, spiraling tendrils. The cucumber plant has large leaves and it produces an elongated, cylindrical

• IPM app

  outdoors and has an intuitive user interface. The Dashboard gives the grower insight into pest issues in almost real-time once uploaded from the field. Koppert [...] management has always been a great challenge in agriculture. A healthy crop is paramount, while there is also a growing demand for sustainable food production [...] growers with their in-depth integrated pest management program. Koppert iPM consists of two components, a Scout App and an online Dashboard. The Scout App works

• Beneficial nematodes

  due to the bacterial infection. Feeding and reproduction: The nematodes feed on the multiplying bacteria and absorb the nutrients released by the bacterial [...] Determine the required nematode quantity based on the infestation severity and treatment area and as indicated on the product labels Store nematodes in a re [...] several inches in length. Nematodes play various roles in ecosystems. Some are free-living, feeding on organic matter in soil or water, and are essential