Peanut

fertility. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics. It is classified as both oil crop due to high oil content and grain legume. Groundnut is majorly [...] agronomic conditions. Groundnut oil is edible oil used as refined oil for cooking. Oil is also used in cosmetic industries, lubricants, soap making, olein [...] sweetened. Groundnuts are similar in taste and nutritional values to tree nuts, such as almonds and walnuts. Groundnut is legume crop with root nodules fixes

Tea

. Tea plant is an economically important plantation crop extensively cultivated in the hills of North-eastern and Southern states. Tea is native of China [...] China. Tea bush is sub-tropical and tropical plant grows well in hot and humid climate. The ideal temperature for growth is 20-30 0 C. It requires well [...] lasiocalyx (Indo China or cambod type). Tea is a dried leaf of a bush and contains theine. Tea beverage produced in freshly boiled water having leaves and leaf

Millet

pre-historic period. Millets are important in semiarid tropics of Asia. Most of the millets are of short duration taking 3 – 4 months from sowing to harvesting [...] Millets has incredibly rich composition of nutrients. Millets play a role in preventing and curing several health issues. The most commonly cultivated

Bacterial wilt, brown rot

solanacearum is a quarantine organism in Europe and considered a bioterrorist organism in the United States. It is a commonly found soil-inhabitant in tropical [...] host-range. Race 3 is pretty much restricted to potato and tomato. Whereas other races have optimum temperatures of 35-37 °C, the optimum for Race 3 is 27 °C, which [...] solanacearum is a plant pathogenic bacterium. It is a soil-borne disease and colonises the xylem, causing bacterial wilt and brown rot in a very wide range

Root rot of carrot

features hence is not easy to place it at the generic level. Årsvoll was the first to identify and describe the fungus in Norway, in 1965. An infection [...] best for in vitro sporulation. Spore germination in vitro requires free water. The pH for growth, sporulation, and spore germination ranges from 3.4 to 7 [...] n of this disease in the rather acidic soils (of southwestern Norway). Spore germination was inhibited in nonsterile soil but not in similar soil that

Root and crown rot of strawberry

areas in crown and root of strawberry. Plant development is slow, growth is retarded and rooting is poor. Transplants look weak and may die. It is hard [...] New diseases in strawberry have been ascribed to Pestalotiopsis clavispora in the case of root and crown rot (of strawberry), first found in The Netherlands [...] Pestalotiopsis longisetula in the case of leaf spots, such as leaf spot of strawberry and fruit rot reported mainly from Brazil. The genus is quite complex, so

Southern blight

was first observed in tomato crops in Florida in 1892, and it has been regularly reported as causing rotting to the root and stem in tomato plants. Significant [...] southern blight is a disease caused by the fungus Athelia (Sclerotium) rolfsii . It is an important plant pathogen that inhabits the soil, and is responsible [...] of the stem, resulting in the destruction of the cortex and the main root. In highly humid conditions, white mycelium growth is observed on the plant’s

Fusarium spp.

The rot is dark and wet at first. The lesions are irregular and sharp-edged. In cavities, pink sporulation becomes visible. Fusarium solani is a complex [...] also produce ascospores. In general, the life cycle of different Fusarium species is similar. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil, and on crop [...] substrate in greenhouse crops Disinfect tools, machinery and irrigation water in greenhouses Prevent plant stress Ensure that soil drainage is adequate

Powdery mildew

this is where the colonies mostly occur in these crops. In covered roses, the colonies appear first and foremost on the upper side of the leaves. In most [...] mildew. Only in pepper, infection (by Leveillula taurica ) is through the stomata and the fungus grows inside the leaf. Later, the conidiophores in this case [...] spore production, so the net effect of the RH is very small. Wind and draught in greenhouses promote disease. In greenhouses, dispersal of spores over small

Pierce's disease of grapevine

die. This happens faster in younger vines than in older ones and faster in susceptible cultivars (within 2-3 years) than in more tolerant cultivars, which [...] depends on the plant species: in peach, bacteria are found in high numbers in the roots, whereas in plum, high numbers are found in leaves and fruits. The bacteria [...] bacterial levels in the leaves to neighbouring peach trees with the bacteria mainly in the roots is much more successful than the other way around. In general,