Peanut

subtropics. It is classified as both oil crop due to high oil content and grain legume. Groundnut is majorly grown as rainfed crop. The plant is short-statured [...] agronomic conditions. Groundnut oil is edible oil used as refined oil for cooking. Oil is also used in cosmetic industries, lubricants, soap making, olein [...] almonds and walnuts. Groundnut is legume crop with root nodules fixes atmospheric nitrogen and improves the soil fertility. It is widely grown in the tropics

Tea

. Tea plant is an economically important plantation crop extensively cultivated in the hills of North-eastern and Southern states. Tea is native of China [...] China. Tea bush is sub-tropical and tropical plant grows well in hot and humid climate. The ideal temperature for growth is 20-30 0 C. It requires well [...] distributed rainfall from 150 to 300cm throughout the year. Tea plantation is shade loving plant and grows vigorously under the shade trees. The original

Fusarium spp.

Fusarium spp. is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are [...] The rot is dark and wet at first. The lesions are irregular and sharp-edged. In cavities, pink sporulation becomes visible. Fusarium solani is a complex [...] and appearance of Fusarium spp. Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host

Root and crown rot of strawberry

strawberry. Plant development is slow, growth is retarded and rooting is poor. Transplants look weak and may die. It is hard to visually distinguish between [...] reported mainly from Brazil. The genus is quite complex, so the taxonomy may change. Pestalotiopsis clavispora is also called Neopestalotiopsis clavispora [...] cactorum . Life cycle and appearance of Root and crown rot of strawberry Not much is known about the life cycle. The fungus produces ascospores and conidia, but

Root rot of carrot

or alternate hosts and transfer to annual crops. As far as is known, Daucus carota (carrot) is the only host plant of the fungus. How to prevent root rot [...] pathogens in Northwest Europe. Damage symptoms Rhexocercosporidium carotae is a slow-growing fungus that can infect both roots and foliage. The infection [...] off. The fungus appears to prefer older tissue. In the field, the disease is difficult to distinguish from both Cercospora and Alternaria dauci . Cercospora

Loose smut of wheat

smut of wheat General Ustilago nuda f.sp. tritici is a basidiomyceteous fungus that affects wheat. It is also known as loose wheat smut, or loose smut of [...] tritici remains invisible until head emergence. The first sign of infection is the appearance of a smutted ear. Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains

Diglyphus isaea

instars: the first is colourless and transparent, the second is yellow and semi transparent with a brown fat body, and the third larval instar is blue-green. [...] Diglyphus isaea Diglyphus isaea is a small parasitic wasp belonging to the family Eulophidae within the order Hymenoptera . It is widely recognized for its role [...] programs. Diglyphus isaea is used for the control of the following pests: Leaf miners The parasitic wasp Diglyphus isaea is available at Koppert as Miglyphus

Aphidius ervi

Aphidius ervi is available in a bottle ( Ervipar ). Spread the material on rock wool slabs or in Diboxes Make sure the material remains dry and is not moved [...] ervi The parasitic wasp Aphidius ervi is most effective between 20 and 25°C (68 and 77°F). This natural enemy is not effective at temperatures above 30°C/86°F [...] cycle and appearance of Aphidius ervi Aphidius ervi is a very dark aphid parasitoid. The waist is entirely black, without striping. As it can develop in

Neoseiulus californicus

californicus Neoseiulus californicus is most effective at temperatures between 13 and 32°C (55 and 90°F) and is sensitive to relative humidity below 60% [...] predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (previously Amblyseius californicus) is commonly used for biological pest control of spider mites . Although Neoseiulus [...] other food sources such as other mites, thrips or pollen. This predatory mite is more tolerant of higher temperatures, lower humidities and pesticides than

Orius laevigatus

predatory bug Orius laevigatus is used for the control of the following pests: Thrips The natural enemy Orius laevigatus is available at Koppert as Thripor-L [...] significantly. Effectivity is reduced at temperatures above 30°C (86°F). Feeding behaviour of Orius laevigatus Orius laevigatus is a predator feeding on thrips [...] Orius laevigatus for thrips control Orius laevigatus is a small yet highly effective predatory bug used in biological pest control of thrips . This beneficial