General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary infection of the leaves. Survival can be
General Ustilago nuda f.sp. tritici is a basidiomyceteous fungus that affects wheat. It is also known as loose wheat smut, or loose smut of wheat. Damage symptoms Infection by Ustilago nuda f.sp. trit
General Pseudoperonospora cubensis is a plant pathogen causing downy mildew on cucurbit crops like cucumber, cantaloupe, pumpkin, watermelon and squash. Damage symptoms Downy mildew pathogens infect m
General Rhizobium bacteria are soil bacteria that fix nitrogen after becoming established inside root nodules of legumes. Additionally, pathogenic Agrobacterium s pecies have recently been assigned to
General Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, also known as cottony soft root, is a plant pathogenic fungus. It has a very wide range of host plants. Damage symptoms The first symptoms of a cottony soft root ( Sc
General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are considered weak pathogens and can only infect
and on crop residues as microsclerotia. In corn stalks, survival of up to 1.5 years has been reported. The density of the microsclerotia in the soil is directly
General Mycosphaerella fijiensis also known as black sigatoka, is an ascomycete fungus that causes leaf-spot of banana. Damage symptoms Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis ) first causes small, l
General Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that is caused by many different species of fungi such as Erysiphe, Podosphaera, Oïdium, Leveillula. Damage symptoms Powdery mildew symptoms are fairly simil