Damage symptoms The caterpillar is a surface feeder. They feed from the lower leaf surface, leaving the wax layer on the upper surface intact, thereby creating [...] remain quite small and active. Except for the first instar, which mines in the leaf tissue, the larvae are voracious surface feeders. The pupae of the diamond
during their lifespan. Mated female lays 3 to 204 eggs. Eggs are deposited in leaf tissue in a slit cut by female. Eggs are colourless to pale white in colour
Leaves can be infected directly, through wounds, hydathodes (the end of leaf veins) or the hair bases. Stems are infected through wounds and by the infected
Infestation starts all along the veins and midrib and gradually spreads to entire leaf. Youngs leaves are also equally affected. Infested leaves become reddish
symptoms Fusarium fungi cause vascular wilt, root rot, foot and stem rot, leaf lesions, fruit rot, head blight in cereals and post-harvest decay. Fusarium
zoospores produced in the sporangia. For germination on above-ground plant parts, leaf wetness is required. Dispersal is by wind and rain causes the pathogen to
then turn into dark brown angular lesions with a yellow halo restricted by leaf veins. Lesions can easily rupture. Other symptoms are brown lesions on stem
symptoms Fusarium fungi cause vascular wilt, root rot, foot and stem rot, leaf lesions, fruit rot, fusarium head blight in cereals, such as wheat (fusarium
tritici and Triticum laevis . Since Triticum controversa mostly attacks the 2-3 leaf stage, this is less effective for this fungus Prevent plant diseases by
occur on the stem. In tomato, sometimes V-shaped lesions are formed on the leaf, between the veins. 'Early dying' disease of potato only occurs as premature