Amblyseius swirskii

shake the bottle gently before use Push the centre of the cap to open the dosage hole Sprinkle material on leaves or pour into Diboxes Make sure the material [...] They can also feed on pollen, which is useful for instance in sweet pepper crops as the predatory mite can establish in the crop before the pest appears. [...] often in the axil of veins. They are oval, white and are approximately 0.14 mm in diameter. The larvae have six legs, are the same colour as the eggs, and

Grapevine powdery mildew

to yellowish spots on the upper leaf surface Development of white to grey, powdery fungal growth Powdery coating may also appear on the underside of leaves [...] early berry development. As the season concludes, the fungus forms chasmothecia to ensure its survival through the winter. Given the polycyclic nature, preventive [...] Symptoms of grapevine powdery mildew vary according to the phenological growth stage and the severity of the infection. Early signs manifest as chlorotic (pale

Fusarium head blight or scab

density. The foot of the plant is infected, either because the seedling was infected or by direct infection of the foot by overwintering inoculum. On the infected [...] spread the disease. Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum ) primarily infects the older, lower leaves. The spores are dispersed upwards to the ears by [...] by splashing rain drops or wind. On the infected ears, the typical pink spores are produced which may further spread the disease. Ascospores of Gibberella

Phytophthora blight

growth on the leaves. The centre is grey-brown with a light-green edge. On the stem, elongated brown lesions occur, usually circling the stem. On potato [...] from the root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot also occurs. Exudates leaking from growing root tips promote germination and attract the zoospores [...] zoospores. The pathogen grows into the stem and on the plant surface and new sporangiophores (structures containing sporangia, a type of spores) with sporangia

Southern blight

lesions on the stem. As the damage progresses, it causes darkening and rotting of the stem, resulting in the destruction of the cortex and the main root [...] darkening and rotting of the stem, resulting in the destruction of the cortex and the main root. As a consequence, leaves higher up in the plant start yellowing [...] observed on the plant’s stem, which may also develop on the adjacent soil. Spherical sclerotia, which are initially white and then darken, also form on this

Charcoal rot

Cutting the roots may show the same discolouration of the internal tissues of the main roots. In most crops, necrotic lesions on the roots are the first [...] reported. The density of the microsclerotia in the soil is directly related to disease incidence. Within 24 hours the fungus infects the roots of the host by [...] germ tubes. During the next two days, necrotic spots occur on the roots and the fungus spreads into the cortex and vascular tissue. In the infected host tissues

Angular leaf spot

lesions on the underside of the leaf. They enlarge to angular spots, often limited by the small veins. The distinctive feature is the way the lesions look [...] become visible on the upper side of the leaf as irregular spots which are first reddish brown and then become necrotic. The foliar symptoms are the most important [...] dry leaves or leaves in the soil, but not independantly in the soil. Under humid conditions, bacteria ooze from the lesions on the leaves and form a secondary

Apple collar rot

system and black discolouration of the roots. On the foot, dark brown lesions with sharp borders occur. Above the graft and on leaves, dark brown, irregular [...] from the root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot also occurs. Exudates leaking from growing root tips promote germination and attract the zoospores [...] zoospores. The pathogen grows into the stem and on the plant surface and new sporangiophores (structures containing sporangia, a type of spores) with sporangia

Neoseiulus californicus

colour. In many cases the colour of the food ingested shines through the skin and shows up as an X-shaped marking on the back. If the food supply has been [...] adult females feed on all stages of Two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) whereas the larvae feed mainly on eggs, and the nymphs on eggs, larvae and [...] cap to open the dosage hole Carefully sprinkle material on leaves Make sure the material remains on the leaves for at least a few hours after introduction

Black rot of carrots

General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause [...] spores surviving in the soil are the main source of infection. Especially wheat and barley reduce the number of surviving conidia in the soil. Use resistant [...] seed-transferred carrot disease. The seeds are the main source of primary infection and this may lead to death of seedlings. From the primary infection of leaves