• Downy mildew of Cucurbits

  mildew on cucurbit crops like cucumber, cantaloupe, pumpkin, watermelon and squash. Damage symptoms Downy mildew pathogens infect mostly the leaves but [...] cause lesions on the upper leaf surface, bordered by the veins, which are first yellow and then turn brown. On the underside of the leave fluffy growth [...] grow inside the leaves and after a while new spore-bearing structures are protruding from the stomata. Because there are more stomata on the underside of

• Broad mite

  that feed on fungi, algae, plants, as well as insect and mite predators and parasites. Those living on plants can cause considerable damage to their host [...] ( Polyphagotarsonemus latus ) can occur both on vegetable and ornamental crops. Damage symptoms The damage caused by the broad mite ( Polyphagotarsonemus [...] Extensive damage can be caused by relatively low populations. Frequently, the lower leaves of a plant remain unaffected while the younger leaves are badly

• Tea spider mite

  e yield loss. Damage symptoms Larvae, nymphs and adults causes damage to the tea plant which sucks the sap of leaves and occasionally on petioles. Red [...] surface of the mature leaves. Infestation starts all along the veins and midrib and gradually spreads to entire leaf. Youngs leaves are also equally affected [...] in reduced photosynthetic activity of leaves, subsequently leaves wilt and defoliation occurs due to increased transpiration and moisture loss. Absence of

• Citrus leaf miner

  grown. Damage symptoms The minute larvae enter the leaf tissues of tender leaves and feeding on them produces snake-like mine. This causes the leaves to curl [...] The moth lays the eggs singly up to 50 on lower surface of the leaves near the mid-rib. The caterpillar enters the leaf tissue after hatching from the [...] curl and twist. Severe infestation causes the leaves turn pale, curl badly, dry off and growth retardation of younger trees. Life cycle and appearance

• Tobacco whitefly

  strictly spoken this is not true) and adult. The larvae are found on the underside of young leaves and have an oval shape. The first instar larvae (crawlers) [...] wings of the adult are already clearly visible. These pupae are found on the oldest leaves. The adult emerges from the pupa via a T-shaped fissure. The adult [...] underside of the leaves. The adult tobacco whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci ) has well-developed piercing-sucking mouthparts and begins to feed on plant sap very

• Grape mealy bug

  e yield loss. Damage symptoms Adults and nymphs suck the sap from the leaves, shoots, flowers and grape bunches. Malformation of leaves and shoot tips [...] support sooty mould growth on infected area. Young vines often die due to severe infestation of mealy bugs. Feeding damage in grapes is minimal but the [...] bugs on grape berries. Infected bunches are not suitable for making raisins. Life cycle and appearance Mealy bugs are found in crevices of stem, on leaves

• Diamond back moth

  in other regions. Damage symptoms The caterpillar is a surface feeder. They feed from the lower leaf surface, leaving the wax layer on the upper surface [...] In cases of severe infestation, entire leaves may be destroyed, leaving only the veins. The larvae feed also on the chlorophyll-rich green areas of stems [...] whitening of the crop. Heavily damaged plants appear stunted and will, in most cases, die. On rapeseed, larvae also feed on flower buds, flowers and young

• Biological Pest Control

  predatory mites are introduced into agricultural crops to prey on or parasitize harmful pests like aphids , spider mites , whitefly or caterpillars . Alternatively [...] specific pest species while leaving non-target organisms unharmed. Unlike chemical pesticides, which can have detrimental effects on ecosystems, biological [...] specific pest species. They have minimal impact on non-target organisms, minimizing collateral damage. Minimal resistance Pests typically do not develop

• Melon thrips

  colour, then crinkle and die. Damaged terminal become discoloured, stunted and deformed. They preferably feed on leaves, less damage to buds and flowers. In [...] been recorded more than 36 plants families. Damage symptoms Nymphs and adults are damaging stage. Infested leaves become yellow or brown, also acquire bronze [...] In addition to direct damage, it also transmits virus from infected to healthy plants. Life cycle and appearance The reproduction in Thrips palmi takes place

• Black sigatoka disease

  leaf-spot of banana. Damage symptoms Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis ) first causes small, light yellow spots or streaks on leaves of about one month [...] cultivars Remove or burn infected leaves or at least stack them, so the spores cannot be discharged from the lower leaves in the stack Use under-canopy (drip) [...] whole leaf turns brown and ultimately dies. In cases of severe infection leaves may die within a few weeks. Because of the lack of leaf tissues, fruit maturity