• Broad mite

  diversity of feeding habits than any other mite family. There are species that feed on fungi, algae, plants, as well as insect and mite predators and parasites [...] fourth pair of legs to carry around young pharate females (quiescent nymphs) that are still in their larval cuticle. Mating occurs as soon as the adult female [...] aubergine, tomato and cucumber. Additionally, many ornamental crops such as azalea, begonia, gerbera and cyclamen are also affected. Outside in temperate climates

• Codling moth

  eats a large proportion of the flesh, leaving behind brown frass. The entry point is then greatly enlarged as the tissue beneath is eaten away. Infested fruits [...] prematurely and drop off. Life cycle and appearance of Codling moth The adults have a wing span of 15-22 mm, blackish-brown forewings, suffused with ash-grey [...] developing embryo is visible as a red ring. The larvae are up to 20 mm long, initially whitish and later pale pinkish white, with a brown head and a pale anal

• Cercospora leaf spot

  overwinter in plant debris and remains in the field for long time. Management Spray Veni GoKlean at the rate 1.25 to 1.5 ml per litre of water at 12-15 days [...] days intervals as preventative spray and or after recognition of the disease symptoms. Symptoms Leaf spots are characteristically greyish brown, circular with [...] spots can be caused by many species of Cercospora species depending on the plant type infected. Infected seeds, infected plants and plant debris are primary

• Green peach aphid

  persicae ) is an important insect pest in sweet pepper, tomato, cucumber and many other greenhouse crops. The aphid may originate from Asia, where its winter-hardy [...] important vector of viral diseases. It can transmit at least 100 different viruses and is thus rightfully feared by many growers. Nymphs and adults extract nutrients [...] from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation

• Brown root rot, corky root rot

  premature defoliation may occur. Looking at the roots, there are three different symptoms. Small feeder roots rot completely. Small roots may show smooth brown [...] lesions. On older roots, the outer layers become swollen and corky and gradually break off. The corky areas often occur as horizontal bands on the roots [...] survives in the soil and in buried tomato roots as microsclerotia. The microsclerotia germinate and produce mycelium that in turn infect the roots of tomato

• Grapevine powdery mildew

  quality and serves as a primary entry point for secondary infections, such as Botrytis bunch rot. Leaf symptoms Pale green to yellowish spots on the upper [...] strategies in commercial vineyards. The pathogen overwinters through two primary mechanisms: as dormant mycelium within infected buds or as chasmothecia [...] growing season, leading to an exponential increase in disease pressure between flowering and early berry development. As the season concludes, the fungus

• Potato

  second half of the 16th century. Potatoes as a food crop were introduced by the Spanish. Now this starchy, tuberous crop is an integral part of the world’s [...] tuberosum ) is used to refer to the plant itself or its edible tuber. The plant is an herbaceous perennial and came to Europe from Latin America in the second [...] world’s food supply and many people’s diet. In terms of volume, potato is the fourth-largest food crop in the world, after maize, wheat and rice. Potato plants

• Cauliflower

  broccoli and consists of white, flowering meristem. Only the cauliflower head is eaten, this white flowering part is at times referred to as ‘curd’. [...] various cultivars, but are all members of the species Brassica oleracea. The cauliflower plant is an annual plant that reproduced by seed. The cauliflower [...] Brassica oleracea of the genus Brassica which is part of the family of Brassicaceae . Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, collard greens and kale (collectively

• Coffee

  tropical parts of Asia. Grown widely in the tropics, cultivated coffee is grown best at high elevations, but cannot grow at temperatures below zero. The shrub [...] seeds are known worldwide as coffee beans. It is a member of the Rubiaceae family and grows on shrubs native to tropical and southern Africa and tropical [...] years. These shrubs can bear fruit for about 50 to 60 years (even up to 100 years in some cases). The fruit or ‘cherries’ take an average 9 months to ripen

• American serpentine leaf miner

  plants such as chrysanthemum, gerbera, gypsophila, celery, sweet pepper, pea, bean and potato. In greenhouses, it is mainly found on gerbera and chrysanthemum [...] to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown plants of fruiting vegetable crops, however, a considerable [...] crops, this is usually of less significance. Seedlings and young plants can be completely destroyed as a result of the direct damage caused by leaf miners