Aphids

the crop and its fruit sticky. Black fungal moulds (such as Cladosporium spp. and Capnodium spp.) grow on this honeydew, contaminating fruit and ornamental [...] are among the most harmful pests in greenhouse and field crops, causing plant stress, virus transmission and yield loss. Effective aphid control is essential [...] Aphididae, a family containing many species that cause damage in cultivated crops. The most significant aphids that occur in greenhouses are: Myzus persicae

Beetles

damage Both larvae and adults of beetles can cause damage to crops. The larvae of some species feed on growing tips and roots or chew and bore into stems [...] species, Coleoptera is the largest of all insect orders and displays an enormous variety of form, size and habit. A number of species are a serious pest in crops [...] aphids . Beetles undergo a complete metamorphosis, that is, the larvae do not resemble the adult at all, and must pass through a pupal instar before reaching

Thrips

damaging species. Thrips form the order Thysanoptera, a name that literally means ‘fringed wings’, and refers to the eyelash-like fringe of hairs along both edges [...] species. Most are harmless, some are predators, and fewer than 20 species can cause problems in agriculture and horticulture. Thrips are small insects (0.5-14 [...] the surface tissue and sucking out their contents, causing the surrounding tissue to die. The resulting silver-grey patches on leaves and the black dots of

Red palm weevil

weevils: the head extends with a long thin rostrum that holds the antennae and tiny mandibles. The size and colour of adult weevils greatly varies. Most i [...] tissues mainly at the base of living fronds. Larvae are present and feed in the softest and most humid living tissues (growth areas) with a low to moderate [...] weevil of Europe and North Africa. Their colour ranges from entirely orange-red to all black with all intermediates, depending on the number and size of black

Fall Armyworm

eggs in clusters of 150-200 and can lay up to 2000 eggs in a lifetime. Eggs are white, pinkish or light green and spherical, and are usually laid on the underside [...] leaves, stems and reproductive parts of more than 100 plant species causing major damage to cultivated grasses, such as maize, rice, sorghum and sugarcane [...] development, and the age of the larvae. On maize, young larvae usually feed on leaves, creating a characteristic windowing effect. This damage and moist sa

About Koppert

bumblebees for pollination, and microbials that support, protect, and strengthen crops. Improving plant health both above and underground. Since 1967, we’ve [...] today’s agricultural and environmental challenges are already out there: in nature itself. At Koppert, we explore, understand, and apply these natural solutions

Loose smut of barley

but viability and germination rate should be checked and compensated for Use resistant cultivars Perform field checks for infected seed and prevent the use [...] affects barley and can destroy a large proportion of the crop. It is also known as barley smut, or loose smut of barley. Life cycle and appearance of Loose [...] during flowering and the infected seeds are the primary source of inoculum in the next crop. The fungus survives inside the seed and when the seed germinates

Downy mildew of Cucurbits

stomata. Life cycle and appearance of Downy mildew Pathogens causing downy mildew are not fungi but Oomycetes and related to Pythium and Phytophthora. They [...] during propagation and maintaining a warm and dry climate in greenhouses. Use hygiene measures. Start clean, remove crop residues and prevent splashing [...] pumpkin, watermelon and squash. Damage symptoms Downy mildew pathogens infect mostly the leaves but occasionally also stems and fruits. They cause lesions

Black sigatoka disease

size and turn brown with light grey centres. These spots enlarge further and the tissue around the lesions turns yellow and dies. Lesions merge and the [...] hampered. Life cycle and appearance of Black sigatoka disease Black sigatoka ( Mycosphaerella fijiensis ) produces both ascospores and conidia. The ascospores [...] hyphae emerge from the stomata and either develop into conidiophores with new conidia or grow across the surface and infect adjacent stomata. Both types

Asian citrus psyllid

young stems and on leaves of all developmental stages. Nymphs feed on young leaves and stems, continuously secreting copious amounts of honeydew and a thread-like [...] distributed in southern Asia and the disease is responsible for the destruction of several citrus industries in Asia and Africa. In North America, it has [...] states and Mexico however the state of Florida is the most affected area by the vectored disease. Damage symptoms The psyllid is a sucking insect that inserts