Wheat bunt

The glumes are opened either on some or on all spikelets, showing the bunt (smut spore) they contain, which is larger than a normal kernel. The bunt balls [...] the whole kernel becomes a bunt ball full of teliospores. These balls break during harvest allowing the teliospores to fall to the ground. Additionaly, [...] e of around 6 to 7 °C during that period. Soil moisture between field capacity and permanent wilting point is best for infection. How to prevent Wheat

Apple scab

smaller. Based on the research that has been done on the influence of climatic conditions on release of ascospores and risk of infection, a decision support [...] temperatures this increases to 12-28 hours of leaf wetness for successful infection. Conidia also need water for germination. How to prevent Apple scab Use [...] disease, which at first presents itself as lesions on blossoms, leaves, petioles and fruits and sometimes on twigs and bud scales. The lesions are olive-green

Damping-off

of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil or substrate the plant turns brown. A typical symptom of a Pythium infection is the easy [...] skin from the root cortex with a finger nail. Life cycle and appearance of Damping-off Pythium belongs to the Oomycetes, a separate group of microorganisms [...] similarly damaged spots. On the infected plant, new sporangia with zoospores are formed, that allow the disease to spread to neighbouring plants. The zoospores

Whitefly

tabaci are known to transmit viruses. Life cycle of whitefly Whitefly control videos Take a look at the video or go to our Youtube channel to see our whitefly [...] Whitefly damage The larvae need a lot of nutrients for growth, and thus consume a large quantity of plant sap. This contains a high proportion of sugar, and [...] field crops, feeding on plant sap and transmitting harmful viruses. Their feeding weakens plants, causes leaf yellowing and leads to honeydew deposits that

Spidex

cap to open the dosage hole Sprinkle material on leaves or pour into Diboxes Make sure the material remains on the introduction site for at least a few [...] twice at weekly intervals. Consult a Koppert advisor or a recognized distributor of Koppert products for advice on the best strategy for your situation [...] Airobug Dosage The dosage of Spidex depends on climate, crop and spider mite density and should always be adjusted to the particular situation. Start introduction

Adpro Shootin

When to use Adpro Shootin? Adpro Shootin is used along with spray solution which enhances spreading, penetrability, dispersibility and absorption on the [...] the crop. How does Adpro Shootin work? Adpro Shootin gives an improved and prolonged action of (biological and natural) insecticides, acaricides and fungicides [...] package at ambient room temperature. Shelf-life Adpro Shootin is stable for a period of 24 months from the manufacturing date.

Blight of pepper

For germination on above-ground plant parts, leaf wetness is required. Dispersal is by wind and rain causes the pathogen to be returned to the soil from [...] are spores with flagellae, which enable them to move through water. Infection is usually from the root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot also [...] The pathogen grows into the stem and on the plant surface and new sporangiophores (structures containing sporangia, a type of spores) with sporangia are

Southern blight

effect, since the fungus needs to grow saprophytically on organic substrate before acting as a pathogen. Injuries make a host more susceptible, but it can [...] observed on the plant’s stem, which may also develop on the adjacent soil. Spherical sclerotia, which are initially white and then darken, also form on this [...] the stand, meaning it is very often necessary to replant, which increases the crop's production costs. How to prevent southern blight Life cycle and appearance

Verticillium wilt

around 25-27 °C. How to prevent Verticillium wilt Start with clean soil or substrate by heating it at a temperature if at least 65 o C for a minimum of 30 [...] beginning the plant seems to recover at night. The symptoms may occur only in parts of the plant. Cutting the stalk horizontally reveals a slight discolouration [...] from the top and purple brown stripes occur on the stem. In tomato, sometimes V-shaped lesions are formed on the leaf, between the veins. 'Early dying'

Pollination checklist outdoor

instance, position the hive on a crate or on a stack of stones. Flowering weeds may be visited by bumblebees in addition to the target crop. You should [...] hive in the crop immediately after delivery, or a maximum of one day later, to allow the bumblebees to gather food. Position the hives evenly throughout [...] positioning, wait 30 minutes before opening the little doors to give the bumblebees to time to become calm again. Transportation and shaking movements can