Amblyseius swirskii

mites. They can also feed on pollen, which is useful for instance in sweet pepper crops as the predatory mite can establish in the crop before the pest [...] adult. Eggs are laid on the underside of leaves, often in the axil of veins. They are oval, white and are approximately 0.14 mm in diameter. The larvae [...] recommended as it is hindered by the glandular hairs on the stems and leaves and does not build up a population. Amblyseius swirskii in bottles The predatory

Root rot of carrot

olive-green mycelium can develop on the surface. Initially, the disease forms circular to irregular spots on the leaves that vary in colour from grey to almost [...] hence is not easy to place it at the generic level. Årsvoll was the first to identify and describe the fungus in Norway, in 1965. An infection can occur [...] n of this disease in the rather acidic soils (of southwestern Norway). Spore germination was inhibited in nonsterile soil but not in similar soil that

Integrated Pest Management

g pests; it's about achieving a balance in the ecosystem. The principles of IPM Prevention IPM focuses on prevention rather than reaction. It emphasizes [...] Management in agriculture is crucial for sustainable farming. It reduces the reliance on chemical pesticides, which can have adverse effects on both crops [...] practices that deter pests from infesting in the first place. Monitoring Regular monitoring of pest populations helps in making informed decisions about control

Early blight

General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary [...] 90% or when the leaves are wet. Small differences in optimum temperature occur between species, but in general the risk of Alternaria infection is larger [...] by wind and in some species through the splash of rain. Damage symptoms Alternaria solani causes small green to dark brown spots to occur on leaves. Those

Black rot of carrots

General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary [...] dangerous in crops for seed production) and to the crown. Lesions of black rot of carrots ( Alternaria radicina ) may occasionally appear on the carrots [...] 90% or when the leaves are wet. Small differences in optimum temperatures occur between species, but in general, the risk of Alternaria infection is larger

Southern blight

predominate. It was first observed in tomato crops in Florida in 1892, and it has been regularly reported as causing rotting to the root and stem in tomato plants [...] with brown, aqueous lesions on the stem. As the damage progresses, it causes darkening and rotting of the stem, resulting in the destruction of the cortex [...] with brown, aqueous lesions on the stem. As the damage progresses, it causes darkening and rotting of the stem, resulting in the destruction of the cortex

Damping-off

aphanidermatum mostly occurs in young plants and damage is more extensive in young crops. Damage symptoms Pythium affects roots, in particular those of seedlings [...] Pythium is considered a ‘weak pathogen’, meaning that it can usually only affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress, caused [...] temperatures or sudden fluctuations in temperature. Pythium aphanidermatum mostly occurs at higher temperatures in the soil or irrigation water. Pythium

Crane flies

Eggs are black in colour, oval, 1mm long and deposited on the soil surface. Larvae are cylindrical, tapering toward the head, and grey-brown in colour. Larvae [...] during the autumn.. Larvae overwinter in the soil, usually in the third instar stage. and start feeding again in spring. They become active again and feed [...] General The larvae of crane flies , called leatherjackets, live in the soil and feed on roots and shoots (which they pull into the ground of mainly grasses

Bacterial wilt, brown rot

makes it more dangerous in temperate regions. It survives well in water and in many different soil types and on alternative hosts like weeds. It invades [...] quarantine organism in Europe and considered a bioterrorist organism in the United States. It is a commonly found soil-inhabitant in tropical and subtropical [...] a plant pathogenic bacterium. It is a soil-borne disease and colonises the xylem, causing bacterial wilt and brown rot in a very wide range of potential

Beet armyworm

to its resistance to nearly all insecticides, and its ability to develop on wild vegetation during the summer. It is highly polyphagous, feeding on plants [...] families. It is a serious pest in greenhouses, where it feeds on ornamental plants such as chrysanthemum, gerbera, roses and potted plants. In both the [...] the ground in preparation for pupation. Although pupation sometimes occurs in the crop, it usually takes place on the surface of the ground in a loosely