• Verticillium wilt

  produces gum in the vessels. The presence of both the fungus and the gum causes the xylem vessels to get blocked, which in turn causes the plant to wilt [...] wind-dispersed to new hosts. In the senescent tissue, the resting mycelium or the microsclerotia are formed. The spread of the fungus by mycelium growth is [...] cause wilting of plants. The wilting starts at the lower leaves. These leaves are pale-green, then orange-yellow. In the beginning the plant seems to recover

• Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

  growth (crazy roots). In greenhouse vegetables, the roots overgrow the substrate and in severe epidemics the drippers get clogged. In tomato, excessive vegetative [...] caused by a change in the hormonal system of the plant resulting from the Rhizobium infection. Rhizobium rhizogenes puts a Ri-plasmid in the plant tissue and [...] Adjust the work order in greenhouses to fit with the hygiene protocol Disinfect the nutrient solution in order to prevent biofilm growth inside the irrigation

• Bacterial wilt, brown rot

  signs of wilting during the day which may disappear in the early stages of infection. Under conditions favourable for the bacteria, the whole plant will wilt [...] s roots on the stem. The vascular stem tissue is coloured brown and when the stem is cut, bacterial slime oozes from the wound. This is the way to distinguish [...] Infected stems show long, dark brown streaks. The vascular tissue in the tubers becomes grey-brown and the tuber eyes also turn grey-brown. This disease

• Black rot of carrots

  General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause [...] crop rotation, in particular when spores surviving in the soil are the main source of infection. Especially wheat and barley reduce the number of surviving [...] (RH) of over 90% or when the leaves are wet. Small differences in optimum temperatures occur between species, but in general, the risk of Alternaria infection

• Early blight

  General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause [...] crop rotation, in particular when spores surviving in the soil are the main source of infection. Especially wheat and barley reduce the number of surviving [...] occur at the side of the stem. Life cycle and appearance of Early blight From the primary infection of leaves, Alternaria solani can spread to the flowers

• Pomegranate wilt complex

  discoloured bands in the stem and roots. Disease cycle The fungus survives for more than 7 years in infected plant debris and soil. The pathogen spreads [...] GoKlean at the rate 2 to 3 ml per litre of water and drench 20 to 25 litre of solution per tree to the root zone by making the ring around the tree for three [...] plants show yellowing in some branches or twigs followed by drooping and drying of leaves and branches. The entire tree dies in few months. Dark greyish

• Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

  wilt at the time of first harvest or after that. The pith disintegrates and the stem becomes hollow. Because of the bacterial growth in the pith, the stem [...] various plants or in the soil in low densities. It has also been found in the gut of insects, possibly spreading from decaying vegetation to the growing crop [...] healthy green leaves, but can grow in senescent leaves and from there grow through the petiole to the main stem through the xylem vessels. High humidity is

• Wheat bunt

  sporidia infect the wheat seedlings even before emergence and the fungi grow inside the plants to the growing tip. The fungi grow between the plant cells and [...] allowing the teliospores to fall to the ground. Additionaly, these teliospores contaminate healthy kernels, which in turn become a source of disease in the [...] inoculum Sowing winter crops early in the fall when temperatures are still above 15°C at the critical first 11 days reduces the risk of infection by Triticum

• Brown root rot, corky root rot

  survives in the soil and in buried tomato roots as microsclerotia. The microsclerotia germinate and produce mycelium that in turn infect the roots of tomato [...] rot. Damage symptoms The first signs of this disease, are poorly looking plants in localized areas of the greenhouse or field. The affected plants may wilt [...] gradually break off. The corky areas often occur as horizontal bands on the roots with lengthwise cracks. No discoloration is present in the xylem tissues which

• Bacterial spot

  green fruits. The specks grow into brown spots that look like scab. These spots may be surrounded by a halo. In pepper, the spots on the leaves are also [...] vesicatoria in tomato causes small, water-soaked spots on leaves which are first round and become more angular as they grow. The centre of the lesions may [...] Xanthomonas vesicatoria survives on volunteer tomato plants in the field and on diseased plant debris. The bacteria are also seed-transmitted. Disease development