• Phytophthora blight

  infection is either by germinating sporangia or by zoospores produced in the sporangia. For germination on above-ground plant parts, leaf wetness is required [...] This explains why the disease spreads more rapidly when the water content of the soil or substrate is higher than normal or optimal for crop growth. How [...] General Late blight (Phytophthora infestans f.sp. infestans) is also known as Phytophthora blight, tomato blight, early / late blight tomato, potato blight

• Wheat bunt

  tritici and Tilletia laevis only differ in one gene and easily hybridize. There is debate whether they should indeed be considered separate species, since they [...] some or on all spikelets, showing the bunt (smut spore) they contain, which is larger than a normal kernel. The bunt balls are grey-brown. They rupture at [...] The fungi grow between the plant cells and eventually inside the kernels. When that happens, the fungal mycelium turns into teliospores and the whole kernel

• Dwarf bunt

  General Tilletia controversa is a plant pathogen. It is a fungus known to cause the smut disease TCK smut in soft white and hard red winter wheats, as [...] some or on all spikelets, showing the bunt (smut spore) they contain, which is larger than a normal kernel. The bunt balls are grey-brown. They rupture at [...] suitable host for as long as ten years. Seed-borne transmission does occur, but is less important from an epidemiological point of view. The teliospores germinate

• Early blight

  90% or when the leaves are wet. Small differences in optimum temperature occur between species, but in general the risk of Alternaria infection is larger [...] General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause [...] rapidly as two to three days later and sporulation within five days. Infection is both direct and through wounds and stomata. Spores are dispersed by wind and

• Black rot of carrots

  90% or when the leaves are wet. Small differences in optimum temperatures occur between species, but in general, the risk of Alternaria infection is larger [...] General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause [...] appearance of Black rot of carrots Black rot of carrots ( Alternaria radicina ) is a seed-transferred carrot disease. The seeds are the main source of primary

• American serpentine leaf miner

  pea, bean and potato. In greenhouses, it is mainly found on gerbera and chrysanthemum. Today the insect is widespread across the whole world. Damage symptoms [...] ochre-yellow. When the larva hatches from the egg, it begins to eat into the leaf at once, tunnelling down into the mesophyll tissue where damage is caused by [...] since about 1976. The American serpentine leaf miner ( Liriomyza trifolii ) is highly polyphagous and thus lives on many host plants such as chrysanthemum

• Tomato leaf miner

  yellow head. When the larva hatches from the egg, it begins to eat into the leaf at once, tunnelling down into the mesophyll tissue where damage is caused by [...] including North Africa, Europe and northern Asia. In warmer regions, the insect is found outdoors but in temperate regions it only occurs in greenhouses. The [...] cause damage to plants both directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue, leading to desiccation, premature

• Bacterial canker of tomato

  General Clavibacter is a quarantine organism in Europe, which means that strong efforts are used to prevent the bacterium from entering. When the occasional [...] discolouration of the vessel tissue appears, especially when cutting the tubers. This discolouration is round, hence the name ring rot. Life cycle and appearance [...] appearance of Bacterial canker of tomato Clavibacter is seed-borne and tuber-borne and primary infection is mostly from infected propagation material. It spreads

• Koppert One

  Koppert One - Digital platform for biological crop protection Koppert One is your all-in-one digital platform designed to simplify and strengthen biological [...] of biological control. With Timing Expert in Koppert One, you always know when conditions are right for foliar nematode applications. By combining Koppert’s [...] guesswork. No unnecessary risk. With Timing Expert, you can: Apply nematodes when they are most effective Reduce the risk of unsuccessful applications Improve

• Grower Koen - Embracing biological crop protection in agriculture

  traditional farming practices. For him, it is clear that chemical-free farming is an inevitable trend, and he is determined to prepare for this new phase [...] result, he acquires a lot of knowledge and is prepared to fully transition to biological crop protection when the government decides that certain traditional [...] carefully examining effectiveness when it comes to applying crop protection . He emphasizes that the correct application of methods is essential for achieving optimal