Wheat bunt

sporidia infect the wheat seedlings even before emergence and the fungi grow inside the plants to the growing tip. The fungi grow between the plant cells and [...] allowing the teliospores to fall to the ground. Additionaly, these teliospores contaminate healthy kernels, which in turn become a source of disease in [...] response to moisture and form basidiospores, also called primary sporidium. Two mating types are distinguished. The filiform basidiospores fuse in the middle

Dwarf bunt

sporidia infect the wheat seedlings even before emergence and the fungi grow inside the plants to the growing tip. The fungi grow between the plant cells and [...] as teliospores in the soil or on seed. The soil-borne teliospores are the main source of primary infection. The soil-borne teliospores may survive in soil [...] allowing the teliospores to fall to the ground. Additionally, these teliospores contaminate healthy kernels, which in turn become a source of disease in

Radish

About The radish ( Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. Sativus ) is an edible root vegetable that belongs to the Brassicaceae family. This plant was already [...] takes to mature. The vegetable has a particular sharp or sometimes pungent flavour that derives from the chemical components that are produced by the plant [...] isothiocyanate. Radish is now produced and consumed in all parts of the world. The seeds are used to produce oil. Other varieties are developed for sprouting and

Cucumber

About The cucumber ( Cucumis sativus ) is a popular, extensively cultivated plant that belongs to the gourd family of Cucurbitaceae . The cucumber originates [...] y in India. The plant’s cultivation history goes back some 3000 years and it is now being produced on most continents. The cucumber plant is a creeping [...] trellises or other supporting frames. The plant supports itself with thin, spiraling tendrils. The cucumber plant has large leaves and it produces an elongated

Mango

various species of tropical trees that belong to the flowering plant genus Mangifera and the cashew family Anacardiaceae . Mangoes are indigenous to South Asia [...] from this area the ‘common mango’ or ‘Indian mango’, Mangifera indica , found its way to the rest of the world and it has become one of the largest cultivated [...] products in the tropics. Mango trees grow up to 35-40 meters (115-131 feet) tall and its crown can expand to 10 metres (33 feet) wide. The trees can grow

Aphidius colemani

enables the wasps to track down and parasitize aphids , even when they are at low density. The behaviour of the female during egg-laying is typical of the [...] Aphidiidae. First the host is examined by drumming with the antennae. This gives the wasp the information about whether the aphid is the right species, and [...] disturbance of the aphid population by the presence of the parasitic wasp also has an effect: the alarmed aphids secrete a warning substance, which affects the

Avocado

seed. The berry is green-skinned and fleshy and its shape resembles a pear or (large) egg. The avocado tree belongs to the flowering plant family of Lauraceae [...] About The avocado ( Persea americana ), also named ‘alligator pear’ is a tree originating in South Central Mexico. Its nick name points to its fruit which [...] Lauraceae . Commercially speaking, avocados are very valuable and the fruit is produced in tropical and Mediterranean regions. Avocados ripen only after they

Thrips

green-houses belong to the family Thripidae. Find solutions for thrips in your crop Life cycle of thrips Thrips damage Thrips cause damage to the plant by piercing [...] form the order Thysanoptera, a name that literally means ‘fringed wings’, and refers to the eyelash-like fringe of hairs along both edges of the thin wings [...] piercing the cells of the surface tissue and sucking out their contents, causing the surrounding tissue to die. The resulting silver-grey patches on leaves

Grape mealy bug

increasing threat to grape cultivation which leads to considerable yield loss. Damage symptoms Adults and nymphs suck the sap from the leaves, shoots, flowers [...] and grape bunches. Malformation of leaves and shoot tips due to infestation of growing points. Honey dew secretion of mealy bugs support sooty mould growth [...] often die due to severe infestation of mealy bugs. Feeding damage in grapes is minimal but the marketability is greatly affected due to its cottony egg

Greenhouse whitefly

influence the development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. The honeydew deposited on fruit makes it sticky. Dirt adheres to the fruit, and the growth [...] T-shaped fissure. The adult whiteflies can usually be found in the top of the plant and on the underside of young leaves, where they deposit their eggs [...] symptoms The larvae of whitefly need a lot of protein for growth, and thus consume a large quantity of plant sap. This contains a high proportion of sugar