Apple collar rot

flagellae, which enable them to move through water. Infection is usually from the root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot also occurs. Exudates [...] leaf wetness is required. Dispersal by wind and rain causes the pathogen to be returned to the soil from infected plants. Dispersal in the soil happens [...] and attract the zoospores. The pathogen grows into the stem and on the plant surface and new sporangiophores (structures containing sporangia, a type of spores)

Powdery mildew

Rosaceae , the fungus causing powdery mildew is extremely sensitive to water and ‘hides’ on the underside of the leaves. Therefore, this is where the colonies [...] harder for the fungi to enter the leaves To reduce chances of powdery mildew in greenhouses, it is advised to first ventilate by only opening the windows [...] infected. In pepper, the fluffy colonies occur mostly on the underside of the leaf, because the fungus infects the plant by entering through the stomata and there

Wheat bunt

sporidia infect the wheat seedlings even before emergence and the fungi grow inside the plants to the growing tip. The fungi grow between the plant cells and [...] heads. The glumes are opened either on some or on all spikelets, showing the bunt (smut spore) they contain, which is larger than a normal kernel. The bunt [...] harvest allowing the teliospores to fall to the ground. Additionaly, these teliospores contaminate healthy kernels, which in turn become a source of disease

Mealybugs and scales

However, it is mainly the great quantity of honey-dew that causes the damage because of the sooty mould that grows on it. Ants are also attracted by the honeydew [...] videos Take a look at the video or go to our Youtube channel to see our mealybug control products in action. More mealybug control videos How to get rid of [...] form three important families within the superfamily Coccoidea. This superfamily belongs to the order Hemiptera (the true bugs ). Coccoidea are at first

Black rot of carrots

radicina ) is a seed-transferred carrot disease. The seeds are the main source of primary infection and this may lead to death of seedlings. From the primary [...] Post-harvest storage at 0-1 o C. A. brassicae and A. brassicicola : adjust the sowing date to avoid conditions conducive to infection. In greenhouses: avoid [...] rot of carrots General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues

Tobacco aphid

through the crop by walking. The tobacco aphid tends to form denser colonies, closer to the top of the plant, than the peach potato aphid . It is not known [...] from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation [...] therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its

Orius laevigatus

and feeding on the soft bodies of their prey. The predatory bug Orius laevigatus is used for the control of the following pests: Thrips The natural enemy [...] Orius laevigatus Orius laevigatus is a predator feeding on thrips . The prey is pierced with the mouthparts and the body contents are consumed. All stages [...] Orius laevigatus is available at Koppert as Thripor-L . How to use Orius laevigatus The predatory bug Orius laevigatus is available in a bottle ( Thripor-L

Beet armyworm

es for the growth of the crop. With a substantial population of caterpillars, the damage can spread to the stems, and in the worst cases to the fruit. [...] black. The colour and pattern of the caterpillars is highly variable and depends partly on the host plant, the stage of development and the climate. A full-grown [...] migrate to the top of the plant where they feed mainly on the growing tips. They produce large holes in the leaf, sometimes stripping the leaf down to the

Early blight

From the primary infection of leaves, Alternaria solani can spread to the flowers (especially dangerous in crops for seed production) and to the crown [...] Post-harvest storage at 0-1 o C. A. brassicae and A. brassicicola : adjust the sowing date to avoid conditions conducive to infection. In greenhouses: avoid [...] Early blight General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues

Potato aphid

aphid General The potato aphid ( Macrosiphum euphorbiae ) is of North American origin, but is these days distributed throughout the world. It is a highly p [...] result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if the infestation occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded [...] betraying their presence in the crop. The adult potato aphid is a large, slender aphid with long, green cornicles, long legs, and a long cauda. Adults are usually