• Cottony cushion scale

  scales coat the leaves, blocking the stomata and impeding gas exchange. Sooty moulds grow on the honeydew, blocking the light from the leaves and reducing [...] situations. Damage symptoms Cottony cushion scale is a particular pest of citrus, Acacia spp ., Casuarina spp . and Pittosporum spp ., but it can damage many [...] over a period of 2 to 3 months. After leaving the egg sac, the crawlers settle along the midribs and veins of the leaves. The next two instars migrate to the

• Tomato leaf miner

  chrysanthemum and gerbera. Damage symptoms Leaf miners cause damage to plants both directly and indirectly. The most direct damage is caused by the larvae [...] percentage of the larvae remain hanging on the leaf and pupate there, sometimes on the upper surface but more commonly on the underside. The late third instar [...] leaf-fall and cosmetic damage. In (sub-)tropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In

• Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

  example pruning wounds. It cannot infect healthy green leaves, but can grow in senescent leaves and from there grow through the petiole to the main stem [...] causing extensive bacterial rots (bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot). Damage symptoms In tomato, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora or Pectobacterium [...] Above or below the hollow stem the vascular tissue keeps its normal colour. On the fruits, lesions first are small and sunken, water-soaked and light to

• American serpentine leaf miner

  mainly found on gerbera and chrysanthemum. Today the insect is widespread across the whole world. Damage symptoms Leaf miners cause damage to plants both [...] The most direct damage is caused by the larvae mining the leaf tissue, leading to desiccation, premature leaf-fall and cosmetic damage. In tropical and [...] Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown plants of fruiting vegetable crops, however, a considerable quantity of foliage can get damaged before

• Pomegranate bacterial blight

  of water-soaked spots which turns to dark black colour oily appearance on leaves results in premature defoliation. The pathogen also infects branches and [...] causing girdling and cracking symptoms. Necrotic water-soaked spots appearance on the fruits which turn to dark brown colour slightly raised with oily appearance

• Chilli thrips

  partheno-generic. Larvae and adults feed on the underside of leaves, creating silvering, curling, and deformities in leaves and fruits. This feeding behavior [...] significant concern in greenhouse cultivation. Known for its ability to damage a wide variety of crops, including ornamentals, vegetables, and fruits, [...] due to its rapid reproduction and widespread adaptability. Life cycle and damage of Scirthothrips The life cycle of Scirtothrips dorsalis consists of six

• Cotton bollworm

  greenhouse crops, tomato is particularly affected. Damage symptoms First instar larvae feed on soft leaves, creating small holes. When they reach the second [...] Cotton bollworm Eggs are deposited individually on young shoots near buds, flowers, fruits or on leaves. They are almost spherical with a flattened base [...] the stalk. During development, the caterpillars damage most fruits by mining. All fruits can be damaged, although the preference is for smaller specimens

• Verticillium wilt

  dying of potato. Damage symptoms Verticillium species mostly cause wilting of plants. The wilting starts at the lower leaves. These leaves are pale-green [...] from the top and purple brown stripes occur on the stem. In tomato, sometimes V-shaped lesions are formed on the leaf, between the veins. 'Early dying' [...] cuttings Grow less susceptible cultivars Prevent damage to the roots by controlling the nematodes, as damaged spots can be used as points of entry Prevent

• Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

  and feed on mealybug nymphs and adults. Pupal stage: Larvae pupate in various places, on any convenient stalk or on the underside of leaves or on even greenhouse [...] in clusters on plant foliage or near mealybug-infested areas. They are typically yellow-white in color and may be found attached to leaves. Larval stage: [...] control . Originating from Australia, this beetle species preys primarily on mealybugs , including species such as the citrus mealybug and the long-tailed

• Grapevine powdery mildew

  yellowish spots on the upper leaf surface Development of white to grey, powdery fungal growth Powdery coating may also appear on the underside of leaves Leaf curling [...] powdery patches on young shoots and tendrils Reduced shoot elongation and poor lignification Increased susceptibility to mechanical damage and stress Weakened [...] favorable temperature and moisture, initiating primary infections on susceptible young tissues (leaves, shoots, and inflorescence). In some regions, infected buds