• Red palm weevil

  General The red palm weevil ( Rhynchophorus ferrugineus ), also known as palm weevil, Asian palm weevil or Sago Palm Weevil originates from tropical Asia

• Woolly apple aphid

  General The woolly aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum , is a serious worldwide apple pest. It is probably of North American origin and has been distributed to other

• Cotton bollworm

  General The cotton bollworm ( Helicoverpa armigera ) occurs in the tropics and sub-tropics of all continents except for North America. Larvae of the cotton

• Root rot of carrot

  General Black spots on cold-stored carrots are a major problem and can lead to significant postharvest losses Several different fungal pathogens cause

• Cotton aphid

  General The cotton aphid ( Aphis gossypii ) is an extremely polyphagous aphid found on more than 700 plant species. Crop plants attacked by this aphid

• Glasshouse potato aphid

  General The glasshouse potato aphid ( Aulacorthum solani) is a native European species of aphids , seriously affecting crops of sweet pepper in particular

• Tobacco aphid

  General The tobacco aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. nicotianae ) probably evolved from the peach potato aphid in the Far East and is a key pest of tobacco

• Cutworms

  General Cutworms ( Agrotis spp.) are occurring worldwide. Important species are for instance the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon and the turnip moth Agrotis

• Fusarium spp.

  Fusarium species only make asexual spores. Some also produce ascospores. In general, the life cycle of different Fusarium species is similar. Fusarium overwinters

• Flies

  (sciarid flies) and Ephydridae (shore flies). The larvae of these insects generally live on rotting plant material and are mostly found in the soil. The spotted