• Grape downy mildew

  humidity), the disease is often well-established before it can be visually detected in the field. Leaf symptoms Yellowish to light-green oil spots on the upper [...] caused by Plasmopara viticola , is one of the most important diseases in wine and table grape production worldwide. The disease spreads rapidly under warm [...] In spring, oospore germination is triggered when temperatures reach 10°C in the presence of soil moisture, leading to the formation of macrosporangia that

• Brown root rot, corky root rot

  of the greenhouse or field. The affected plants may wilt. Also, interveinal chlorosis of leaves and premature defoliation may occur. Looking at the roots [...] On older roots, the outer layers become swollen and corky and gradually break off. The corky areas often occur as horizontal bands on the roots with lengthwise [...] survives in the soil and in buried tomato roots as microsclerotia. The microsclerotia germinate and produce mycelium that in turn infect the roots of tomato

• Diglyphus isaea

  body, and the third larval instar is blue-green. The full-grown larva usually pupates in the mine some distance from the dead host. Pupal stage: The pupa lies [...] Adult stage: The appearance of the adult is already clearly visible. Pupae are often visible through the leaf. The parasitic wasp escapes from the mine by making [...] programs. Diglyphus isaea is used for the control of the following pests: Leaf miners The parasitic wasp Diglyphus isaea is available at Koppert as Miglyphus

• Early blight

  General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause [...] occur at the side of the stem. Life cycle and appearance of Early blight From the primary infection of leaves, Alternaria solani can spread to the flowers [...] spores surviving in the soil are the main source of infection. Especially wheat and barley reduce the number of surviving conidia in the soil. Use resistant

• Loose smut of barley

  survives inside the seed and when the seed germinates, the mycelium of the fungus grows upwards inside the plant into the growing tip and the seed primordia. It [...] smut of barley The seeds are infected during flowering and the infected seeds are the primary source of inoculum in the next crop. The fungus survives [...] invisible until head emergence. The first sign of infection is the appearance of a smutted ear. Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown

• Aphidius colemani

  of the Aphidiidae. First the host is examined by drumming with the antennae. This gives the wasp the information about whether the aphid is the right species [...] Aphidius colemani is widely used in the biological control of aphids . Aphidius colemani is used for the control of the following pests: Cotton aphid ( Aphis [...] of the aphid population by the presence of the parasitic wasp also has an effect: the alarmed aphids secrete a warning substance, which affects the entire

• Black sigatoka disease

  conidia. The ascospores are wind-dispersed over longer distances, the conidia are splash-dispersed within the crop. Both types of spores cause the exact same [...] them, so the spores cannot be discharged from the lower leaves in the stack Use under-canopy (drip) irrigation to reduce splash dispersal Lower the humidity [...] or streaks on leaves of about one month old. The symptoms run parallel to the veins. Within a few days, the spots become a few centimetres in size and turn

• Koppert One

  effective Reduce the risk of unsuccessful applications Improve pest control results in the field Make confident, data-driven decisions The result? More consistent [...] confident decisions. With integrated solutions like Timing Expert, the Side Effects App, and the Digital Assistant, Koppert One turns complex information into [...] results. Go to web app Apply nematodes at the right moment with Timing Expert Timing can make or break the success of biological control. With Timing

• Grapevine powdery mildew

  early berry development. As the season concludes, the fungus forms chasmothecia to ensure its survival through the winter. Given the polycyclic nature, preventive [...] Symptoms of grapevine powdery mildew vary according to the phenological growth stage and the severity of the infection. Early signs manifest as chlorotic (pale [...] growth and poor fruit set. During berry development, the pathogen colonizes the epidermis, causing the skin to lose elasticity. This frequently leads to berry

• Phytoseiulus persimilis

  on spider mites. The quantity of prey consumed depends on the predator and prey populations, the sex and age of the predator, and the temperature and relative [...] larvae or eggs per day. Because the development rate of the predatory mite is roughly twice that of the spider mite, the number of predatory mites increases [...] can move within the web with ease. This has the advantage that an outbreak is quickly and effectively dealt with, but the disadvantage is that it disappears