• Verticillium wilt

  albo-atrum is 21 °C and growth stops above 30 °C, whereas Verticillium dahliae has an optimum temperature around 25-27 °C. How to prevent Verticillium wilt Start

• Fusarium head blight or scab

  (Fusarium graminearum ) germinate at temperatures between 4 and 35 °C, with an optimum between 25 and 28 °C. Germination only occurs at relative humidity

• Apple collar rot

  rhizome rot of strawberry, apple rot, apple collar rot and crown rot. It has an extremely wide host range. Damage symptoms Phytophthora cactorum causes seedling

• Black root rot of cucurbits

  early stages of the crop results in stunted growth and smaller leaves with an intense green colour. Severe infection in this stage may kill the plants.

• Wheat bunt

  precipitation in the first 11 days after sowing, with maximum disease incidence at an average temperature of around 6 to 7 °C during that period. Soil moisture

• Melon thrips

  development time is dependent on temperature, but host plant quality also has an influence. After completion of nymph stage, it drops to soil and pupate in

• Dwarf bunt

  ten years. Seed-borne transmission does occur, but is less important from an epidemiological point of view. The teliospores germinate in response to moisture

• Anagyrus vladimiri

  0.1-0.5 per m 2 /release. Releases should be repeated at least 3 times at an interval of 1-2 weeks. Consult a Koppert advisor or a recognized distributor [...] pupating within the mummified skin of its host. The adult emerges through an irregular exit hole gnawed at the posterior end of the mummy. Anagyrus vladimiri

• Pink Bollworm

  squares after emergence where they feed internally within the pod and making an exit hole at maturation. Pupation takes place in soil, about 50mm below the

• Integrated Pest Management

  of control strategies and making necessary adjustments. The IPM cycle is an ongoing process that incorporates the principles mentioned above. It's a dynamic [...] presence of pests and respond accordingly. The use of insect traps can also be an effective way to control pests without resorting to chemicals. Mass trapping