• Phytophthora blight

  flagellae which enable them to move through water. Infection is usually from the root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot also occurs. Exudates leaking [...] wetness is required. Dispersal is by wind and rain causes the pathogen to be returned to the soil from infected plants. Dispersal in the soil happens via water [...] General Late blight (Phytophthora infestans f.sp. infestans) is also known as Phytophthora blight, tomato blight, early / late blight tomato, potato blight

• Bacterial spot

  look like scab. These spots may be surrounded by a halo. In pepper, the spots on the leaves are also round and small to start with and slightly raised from [...] The bacteria are also seed-transmitted. Disease development is favoured by temperatures between 24 and 30 °C and high precipitation due to rain, fog or overhead [...] and handling and aerosols. Many isolates are resistant to copper-containing pesticides. How to prevent Bacterial spot Use clean propagation material and

• Trial results Onion fly and Fusarium wilt

  (Delia antiqua) in onion Effective control of onion fly Capirel efficacy (% reduction compared to untreated control) against onion fly damage Capirel [...] Trianum provides highly effective control of basal rot in onions during cultivation and storage Yield increase Basal rot control 3 months after storage 15 [...] Capirel efficacy (% reduction compared to untreated control) against onion fly damage 100 80 75 60 Efficacy (%) Efficacy (%) (Delia antiqua) 50 25 20

• Bacterial canker of tomato

  Both in greenhouses and in the field, spraying may also spread the bacteria. The bacteria can also be dispersed by machinery, crates and tools. The bacteria [...] strong efforts are used to prevent the bacterium from entering. When the occasional infection is found, strict measures are taken to eradicate the infection [...] potatoes or other Solaneceaous crops can be planted for five years. On other fields on the same farm, no seed potatoes can be grown for one year after infection

• Soybean

  diameter. Soybean seeds vary greatly in size and the hull can be black or brown, but also blue, yellow or green. When planting soybean plants, there is [...] United States. Soybeans are now an important global crop can be used as food crop, but also provide oil and are a major source of protein. [...] Glycine max ) (North America) or soya bean is a so-called legume and indigenous to East Asia. It is extensively cultivated for its edible beans. The fruit of

• Pollination checklist outdoor

  may be visited by bumblebees in addition to the target crop. You should therefore mow or cut down any flowering weeds in and around the area to be pollinated [...] positioning, wait 30 minutes before opening the little doors to give the bumblebees to time to become calm again. Transportation and shaking movements can [...] pollination in outdoor crops can be achieved by following the recommendations shown below. The recommendations have also been collated and published in a

• Powdery mildew

  and makes it harder for the fungi to enter the leaves To reduce chances of powdery mildew in greenhouses, it is advised to first ventilate by only opening [...] the upper side of the leaf. In severe epidemics in cereals, the ears may also be infected. In pepper, the fluffy colonies occur mostly on the underside of [...] severe epidemic, the fluffy colonies also appear on the upper side of the leaves. Many sweet pepper cultivars react to powdery mildew infection by dropping

• Western flower thrips

  yellowish orange to almost black. Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) usually pupate in the ground, although pupae can also be found on leaves [...] infested flower buds may not open at all. Fruits can also be damaged, even at low densities, giving rise to deformities such as the “pig-tail” fruit sometimes [...] sheltered places. The prepupal and pupal instars can be recognized by their developing wing buds. Compared to the prepupa, the pupa has longer, more developed

• Woolly apple aphid

  origin and has been distributed to other parts of the world mainly via infested apple rootstocks. It can occasionally also be found in pear, quince and a few [...] aphid does little direct harm to mature trees but the sticky masses of “wool” may contaminate leaves and fruits and can be a nuisance at harvest time. Life [...] and appearance of Woolly apple aphid In contrast to other aphids , the life cycle and survival from year to year of the woolly aphid depends entirely on wingless

• Cercospora leaf spot

  greyish brown, circular with small to large grey centres and dark brown margins. The spots may enlarge to 1 cm to more and later coalesce. The spots dry [...] has the ability to overwinter in plant debris and remains in the field for long time. Management Spray Veni GoKlean at the rate 1.25 to 1.5 ml per litre [...] shot-hole appearance to the leaves. Severely infected leaves drop off prematurely results in reduced yield. Stem, petiole and pods are also infected with Cercospora