• Bacterial canker of tomato

  the plants in greenhouse crops and by water in field crops, for example through splashes of rain or irrigation. Both in greenhouses and in the field, spraying [...] white with a brown centre. In potato, the disease usually only occurs in the second half of the season. The first symptoms are wilting of the lower leaves [...] General Clavibacter is a quarantine organism in Europe, which means that strong efforts are used to prevent the bacterium from entering. When the occasional

• Apple collar rot

  optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the soil in different stages: as oospores (sexual overwintering [...] cells which are resistant to desiccation) or mycelium. Zoospores are formed from the overwintering structures, which infect the host. Zoospores are spores with [...] occur. In strawberry, the heart leaves wilt first, then the whole plant. Life cycle and appearance of Apple collar rot Phytophthora species are very d

• Cercospora leaf spot

  results in shot-hole appearance to the leaves. Severely infected leaves drop off prematurely results in reduced yield. Stem, petiole and pods are also infected [...] disease and severity. The fungus has the ability to overwinter in plant debris and remains in the field for long time. Management Spray Veni GoKlean at the [...] the plant type infected. Infected seeds, infected plants and plant debris are primary source of infection. Secondary spread is through air borne conidia

• Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

  growth (crazy roots). In greenhouse vegetables, the roots overgrow the substrate and in severe epidemics the drippers get clogged. In tomato, excessive vegetative [...] takes place via wounds. After infection, galls are formed which break open, releasing many bacteria. These are dispersed by rain and wind and by humans and [...] caused by a change in the hormonal system of the plant resulting from the Rhizobium infection. Rhizobium rhizogenes puts a Ri-plasmid in the plant tissue

• Brown root rot, corky root rot

  lycopersici survives in the soil and in buried tomato roots as microsclerotia. The microsclerotia germinate and produce mycelium that in turn infect the roots [...] corky root rot. Damage symptoms The first signs of this disease, are poorly looking plants in localized areas of the greenhouse or field. The affected plants [...] roots of tomato and other hosts. Several alternate hosts in outdoor cropping systems are known: pepper, melon, aubergine, squash, spinach and safflower

• Phytophthora blight

  optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the soil in different stages: as oospores (sexual overwintering [...] cells which are resistant to desiccation) or mycelium. Zoospores are formed from the overwintering structures which infect the host. Zoospores are spores with [...] of Phytophthora blight Phytophthora species are very destructive organisms belonging to the Oomycetes and are therefore strictly speaking not fungi. They

• Gummy stem blight

  veins) or the hair bases. Stems are infected through wounds and by the infected leaves through the petioles. Fruits are infected through the flowers. The [...] newly produced ascospores are dispersed by air and the conidiospores by water drops, tools and hands of workers. The ascospores are the main source of dispersal [...] the leaves Pick flowers within two days after opening in areas suspected of disease (only feasible in high-wire crops) Pick and remove dead and diseased leaves

• Fusarium head blight or scab

  Some also produce ascospores. In general, most Fusarium specieshave a similar life cycle. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil and on crop residues [...] conidia are produced that further spread the disease. Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum ) primarily infects the older, lower leaves. The spores are dispersed [...] effectively with hot water) Use clean substrate in greenhouse crops Disinfect tools, machinery and irrigation water in greenhouses Prevent stress for the plants

• Black root rot of cucurbits

  away. Infection in the early stages of the crop results in stunted growth and smaller leaves with an intense green colour. Severe infection in this stage may [...] spots with a dark demarcation line on cucumber roots. The lesions are slightly sunken and are mostly formed around the point of attachment of lateral roots [...] may kill the plants. In case of a less severe infection, the vines may wilt at a late stage of the crop, but when water supply is in any way limited during

• Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

  survive as epiphytic bacteria on various plants or in the soil in low densities. It has also been found in the gut of insects, possibly spreading from decaying [...] also be found as secondary pathogen in plants that are infected by other pathogens. The bacteria that causes black leg in potato is a different subspecies [...] normal colour. On the fruits, lesions first are small and sunken, water-soaked and light to dark brown. They are adjacent to wounds and natural openings at