• Apple collar rot

  es between 15 and 23 °C and higher water content than is optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the [...] germination and attract the zoospores. The pathogen grows into the stem and on the plant surface and new sporangiophores (structures containing sporangia, a type [...] ting and be careful with overhead irrigation since both a high water content of the soil and water splash promote disease. Ensure fast drying and wound

• Loose smut of wheat

  of infection is the appearance of a smutted ear. Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut spores. Life cycle and appearance [...] within a day and infect the inner tissues of the newly infected seed. During maturation of the seed, the mycelium becomes thick-walled and swollen as a dormant [...] General Ustilago nuda f.sp. tritici is a basidiomyceteous fungus that affects wheat. It is also known as loose wheat smut, or loose smut of wheat. Damage

• Black leg of seedlings

  roots rot and very little of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil or substrate the plant turns brown. A typical symptom of a Pythium [...] belongs to the Oomycetes, a separate group of microorganisms and is therefore not a real fungus. It survives as oospores, resting spores which are resistant [...] General Pythium is considered a ‘weak pathogen’, meaning that it can usually only affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress

• Swirski-Mite Plus

  swirskii is most effective at temperatures between 20 and 32°C (68 and 90°F). It is not effective at temperatures below 18°C (64°F). A. swirskii is sensitive [...] ha and hang them evenly spaced in the crop. Release should be repeated after 4 weeks if the pest is not controlled. Consult a Koppert advisor or a recognized [...] thrips species and eggs and larvae of whitefly . Crops Do not use in tomato. Mode of action Predatory mites multiply in the sachet and disperse into the

• Black rot of carrots

  three days later and sporulation within five days. Infection is both direct and through wounds and stomata. Spores are dispersed by wind and in some species [...] stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary infection of the [...] ). Prevent damage during harvest (in potato and carrot). Post-harvest storage at 0-1 o C. A. brassicae and A. brassicicola : adjust the sowing date to avoid

• Fusarium head blight or scab

  General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species [...] mycelium cells) or mycelium. Survival is also possible on seed, greenhouse structures, tools and machinery. Primary infection is either seed-borne or takes place [...] chlamydospores and ascospores in crop residues. Primary infection is from this inoculum or from infected seed. Infected seed doesn’t germinate well and seedlings

• Cottony soft rot

  as cottony soft root, is a plant pathogenic fungus. It has a very wide range of host plants. Damage symptoms The first symptoms of a cottony soft root ( [...] wilting and death of plants. Life cycle and appearance of Cottony soft rot Cottony soft root ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ) overwinters as sclerotia and mycelium [...] in dead and living plant material in or on the ground. Sclerotia germinate at temperatures between 4 and 26 °C with an optimum between 13 and 15 °C. G

• Bacterial spot

  development is favoured by temperatures between 24 and 30 °C and high precipitation due to rain, fog or overhead irrigation. Infection is through stomata [...] stomata and wounds. The dispersal is in windblown water drops, mechanical means such as clipping and handling and aerosols. Many isolates are resistant to [...] General Xanthomonas vesicatoria is a bacterium that causes bacterial leaf spot on peppers and tomatoes. Damage symptoms Xanthomonas vesicatoria in tomato

• Blight of pepper

  Oomycetes and are therefore strictly speaking not fungi. They thrive at soil temperatures between 15 and 23 °C and higher water content than is optimal for [...] germination and attract the zoospores. The pathogen grows into the stem and on the plant surface and new sporangiophores (structures containing sporangia, a type [...] ting and be careful with overhead irrigation since both a high water content of the soil and water splash promote disease. Ensure fast drying and wound

• Early blight

  three days later and sporulation within five days. Infection is both direct and through wounds and stomata. Spores are dispersed by wind and in some species [...] stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary infection of the [...] ). Prevent damage during harvest (in potato and carrot). Post-harvest storage at 0-1 o C. A. brassicae and A. brassicicola : adjust the sowing date to avoid