Fusarium wilt

General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species [...] blight in cereals and post-harvest decay. Fusarium oxysporum is the species causing vascular wilt. First the leaves turn yellow and wilt, mostly on one [...] may occur and cause different symptoms. Fusarium oxysporum is the only Fusarium that actually grows inside the vessel system of the host plant and spreads

Black root rot of cucurbits

survives in the soil and is a strong saprophytic competitor, which means it can rapidly colonize ‘clean’ or sterilized soil and substrate. It aggregates [...] are slightly sunken and are mostly formed around the point of attachment of lateral roots and root hairs. The lesions may grow and encircle the root. The [...] General Phomopsis sclerotioides is a plant pathogen infecting cucurbits, causing black root rot of cucurbits. Life cycle and appearance of Black root rot

Phytophthora blight

es between 15 and 23 °C and higher water content than is optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the [...] growing root tips promote germination and attract the zoospores. The pathogen grows into the stem and on the plant surface and new sporangiophores (structures [...] ting and be careful with overhead irrigation since both a high water content of the soil and water splash promote disease. Ensure fast drying and wound

Blight of pepper

Oomycetes and are therefore strictly speaking not fungi. They thrive at soil temperatures between 15 and 23 °C and higher water content than is optimal for [...] General Phytophthora capsici is an oomycete plant pathogen that causes blight and fruit rot of peppers and other important commercial crops. Damage symptoms [...] root rot, seedling damping off and rot of stems, bulbs, tubers, leaves and fruits. Several Phytophthora species cause root- and crown rot in potted plants

Fusarium head blight or scab

General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species [...] chlamydospores and ascospores in crop residues. Primary infection is from this inoculum or from infected seed. Infected seed doesn’t germinate well and seedlings [...] between 4 and 35 °C, with an optimum between 25 and 28 °C. Germination only occurs at relative humidity (RH) above 80%. Warm (25-30 °C) and humid (RH above

Bacterial canker of tomato

discolouration is round, hence the name ring rot. Life cycle and appearance of Bacterial canker of tomato Clavibacter is seed-borne and tuber-borne and primary [...] on stems, leaves and fruits. Leaves and shoots wilt. On the lower leaves, blister-like white lesions occur, which later turn brown and may merge. The leaves [...] new plants by entering through wounds and then growing into the vessels of the plant. Plant growth is inhibited and the plant wilts because the xylem vessels

Pierce's disease of grapevine

(peaches and plums): In peach, the canopy of infected plants is compact and umbrella-like due to the shorter internodes. The foliage is denser and the leaves [...] trees are much smaller and their sugar content is higher. The early blossoming and fruit set in peach does not occur in citrus, there is no difference between [...] normal and look stunted. Twigs and branches die and the foliage becomes thinner, but the trees don’t die of the disease. Olives: Scorch symptoms and desiccation

Angular leaf spot

happens both passively and actively. Infection and disease development are favoured by temperatures around 20 °C during the day and cold nights, in combination [...] veins. The distinctive feature is the way the lesions look when using different light sources: when reflected light is used, the lesions look dark green [...] merge as they grow and later also become visible on the upper side of the leaf as irregular spots which are first reddish brown and then become necrotic

Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

water-soaked and light to dark brown. They are adjacent to wounds and natural openings at the stem end. Later the fruit becomes soft and lesion contents [...] well as soft rot. Stem rot is first noticed when plants wilt at the time of first harvest or after that. The pith disintegrates and the stem becomes hollow [...] seems wet and slimy. Above or below the hollow stem the vascular tissue keeps its normal colour. On the fruits, lesions first are small and sunken, wa

Apple collar rot

es between 15 and 23 °C and higher water content than is optimal for crop growth. Phytophthora overwinters in roots, infected tubers and bulbs or in the [...] growing root tips promote germination and attract the zoospores. The pathogen grows into the stem and on the plant surface and new sporangiophores (structures [...] ting and be careful with overhead irrigation since both a high water content of the soil and water splash promote disease. Ensure fast drying and wound