• Bacterial spot

  as they grow. The centre of the lesions may fall out as they become drier. Under humid conditions, the spots may merge with lesions on the petioles and [...] plants and crop debris Avoid waste piles in the vicinity of the greenhouse or field Resistant cultivars of pepper are available and should be used Prevent [...] green fruits. The specks grow into brown spots that look like scab. These spots may be surrounded by a halo. In pepper, the spots on the leaves are also

• Fusarium wilt

  oxysporum is the only Fusarium that actually grows inside the vessel system of the host plant and spreads upwards inside the plants. The other species [...] Fusarium oxysporum is the species causing vascular wilt. First the leaves turn yellow and wilt, mostly on one side of the plant. Finally, the whole plant wilts [...] brown discolouration of the xylem vessels which can be seen when the stems are cut. In banana, whole plantations may die and the soil may not be suitable

• Brown root rot, corky root rot

  rot. Damage symptoms The first signs of this disease, are poorly looking plants in localized areas of the greenhouse or field. The affected plants may wilt [...] On older roots, the outer layers become swollen and corky and gradually break off. The corky areas often occur as horizontal bands on the roots with lengthwise [...] subsequent loss of vigour and further wilting. Life cycle and appearance of Brown root rot, corky root rot Pyrenochaeta lycopersici survives in the soil and in

• Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

  transmitted on the outside of the seed coat and cause primary infection. The conidia germinate and infect through the stomata or directly through the cuticle [...] sometimes at the stem base but is not part of the foot rot syndrome in peas. Infected seeds may have brown areas. Life cycle and appearance of Pea blight [...] lesions of stems, leaves, and pods (pea leaf spot and pea pod spot). Damage symptoms Ascochyta pisi causes spots on leaves, stems and pods of peas. The spots

• Early blight

  occur at the side of the stem. Life cycle and appearance of Early blight From the primary infection of leaves, Alternaria solani can spread to the flowers [...] spores surviving in the soil are the main source of infection. Especially wheat and barley reduce the number of surviving conidia in the soil. Use resistant [...] humidity (RH) of over 90% or when the leaves are wet. Small differences in optimum temperature occur between species, but in general the risk of Alternaria

• Fusarium head blight or scab

  density. The foot of the plant is infected, either because the seedling was infected or by direct infection of the foot by overwintering inoculum. On the infected [...] takes place as infection of the roots at the root tip or in small wounds, for example where lateral roots branch off from the tap root. Gibberella zeae [...] spread the disease. Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum ) primarily infects the older, lower leaves. The spores are dispersed upwards to the ears by

• Damping-off

  later the plants wilt irreversibly. In potted plants the flower buds fall off. The side roots rot and very little of the root system survives. On the border [...] and soil or substrate the plant turns brown. A typical symptom of a Pythium infection is the easy stripping of the skin from the root cortex with a finger [...] enable the spores to move through water. The zoospores are chemically drawn to the growing roots of young plants and move towards them through the soil water

• Pomegranate bacterial blight

  Disease cycle Infected cuttings are the main source of inoculum and wind splashed rains plays important role is spread of the disease. Intermittent rainfall [...] cloudy weather favours the disease development and further spread. Management Spray Veni GoKlean at the rate of 1.25 to 1.5 ml per litre of water at 10 to 12 [...] between 25 - 30 0 C, over-use of nitrogen fertilizer, micronutrient deficiency and reduced plant health leads to swift development of bacterial blight. Symptoms

• Pomegranate wilt complex

  GoKlean at the rate 2 to 3 ml per litre of water and drench 20 to 25 litre of solution per tree to the root zone by making the ring around the tree for three [...] followed by drooping and drying of leaves and branches. The entire tree dies in few months. Dark greyish brown to black colouration of wood below bark and vascular [...] discoloured bands in the stem and roots. Disease cycle The fungus survives for more than 7 years in infected plant debris and soil. The pathogen spreads through

• Phytophthora blight

  from the root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot also occurs. Exudates leaking from growing root tips promote germination and attract the zoospores [...] fungal growth on the leaves. The centre is grey-brown with a light-green edge. On the stem, elongated brown lesions occur, usually circling the stem. On potato [...] through the skin. The Great Famine was a period of mass starvation caused by this disease which ravaged potato crops throughout Europe during the 1840s.