Brown root rot, corky root rot

On older roots, the outer layers become swollen and corky and gradually break off. The corky areas often occur as horizontal bands on the roots with lengthwise [...] survives in the soil and in buried tomato roots as microsclerotia. The microsclerotia germinate and produce mycelium that in turn infect the roots of tomato [...] lycopersici is a fungal plant pathogen, infecting tomatoes and aubergine. It causes brown root rot and corky root rot. Damage symptoms The first signs

Early blight

General The only known stage in all Alternaria species is the asexual stage. Conidia and mycelium overwinter in the soil and on crop residues and cause primary [...] lesions on stem and foot. On fruits, dark sunken, leathery lesions occur at the side of the stem. Life cycle and appearance of Early blight From the primary infection [...] three days later and sporulation within five days. Infection is both direct and through wounds and stomata. Spores are dispersed by wind and in some species

Loose smut of barley

next crop. The fungus survives inside the seed and when the seed germinates, the mycelium of the fungus grows upwards inside the plant into the growing tip [...] cycle and appearance of Loose smut of barley The seeds are infected during flowering and the infected seeds are the primary source of inoculum in the next [...] within a day and infect the inner tissues of the newly infected seed. During maturation of the seed, the mycelium becomes thick-walled and swollen as a

Grapevine powdery mildew

while shoots and flowers exhibit stunted growth and poor fruit set. During berry development, the pathogen colonizes the epidermis, causing the skin to lose [...] flowering and early berry development. As the season concludes, the fungus forms chasmothecia to ensure its survival through the winter. Given the polycyclic [...] Symptoms of grapevine powdery mildew vary according to the phenological growth stage and the severity of the infection. Early signs manifest as chlorotic (pale

Verticillium wilt

vessels. The presence of both the fungus and the gum causes the xylem vessels to get blocked, which in turn causes the plant to wilt. Spores may be wind-dispersed [...] new hosts. In the senescent tissue, the resting mycelium or the microsclerotia are formed. The spread of the fungus by mycelium growth is limited. Dispersal [...] of the plant and produces spores that are transported upwards with the transpiration stream. As a defence mechanism, the plant produces gum in the vessels

Cercospora leaf spot

humidity favours the spread of the disease and severity. The fungus has the ability to overwinter in plant debris and remains in the field for long time [...] centres and dark brown margins. The spots may enlarge to 1 cm to more and later coalesce. The spots dry up results in shot-hole appearance to the leaves [...] depending on the plant type infected. Infected seeds, infected plants and plant debris are primary source of infection. Secondary spread is through air

Monitoring

Pomegranate bacterial blight

Disease cycle Infected cuttings are the main source of inoculum and wind splashed rains plays important role is spread of the disease. Intermittent rainfall [...] results in premature defoliation. The pathogen also infects branches and stem as water soaked necrotic spots causing girdling and cracking symptoms. Necrotic [...] followed by cloudy weather favours the disease development and further spread. Management Spray Veni GoKlean at the rate of 1.25 to 1.5 ml per litre of

Swirski-Mite Plus

species and eggs and larvae of whitefly . Crops Do not use in tomato. Mode of action Predatory mites multiply in the sachet and disperse into the crop over [...] swirskii is most effective at temperatures between 20 and 32°C (68 and 90°F). It is not effective at temperatures below 18°C (64°F). A. swirskii is sensitive [...] in the crop, not exposed to direct sunlight Sachets already have an exit hole Hold sachets by the cardboard strip at the top, to avoid damaging the predatory

Greenhouse whitefly

rods. This is called the pupa stadium and these pupae are found on the oldest leaves. The adult emerges from the pupa via a T-shaped fissure. The adult whiteflies [...] sugar, and the excess is excreted as honeydew, with larger larvae expelling large quantities. The damage that whiteflies cause to a crop is the result [...] result of sucking out the sap from the plant leaves and secreting honeydew. This can have the following consequences: If the population is very large, feeding