Grape mealy bug

severe infestation of mealy bugs. Feeding damage in grapes is minimal but the marketability is greatly affected due to its cottony egg mass, honey dew, sooty [...] General Mealy bug causes increasing threat to grape cultivation which leads to considerable yield loss. Damage symptoms Adults and nymphs suck the sap from [...] Mealy bug completes its life cycle in 30 days. Ants are get attracted to honey dew secreted by mealy bug and helps in spreading of mealy bugs.

Bacterial spot

Xanthomonas vesicatoria is a bacterium that causes bacterial leaf spot on peppers and tomatoes. Damage symptoms Xanthomonas vesicatoria in tomato causes small [...] and high precipitation due to rain, fog or overhead irrigation. Infection is through stomata and wounds. The dispersal is in windblown water drops, mechanical [...] into brown spots that look like scab. These spots may be surrounded by a halo. In pepper, the spots on the leaves are also round and small to start with and

Beneficial nematodes

bodies, and they come in a variety of sizes, ranging from microscopic to several inches in length. Nematodes play various roles in ecosystems. Some are [...] for detailed information) In case of foliar application, the air relative humidity is another important factor to consider to maximize success (>75%) Ideally [...] What are nematodes? Nematodes, commonly referred to as roundworms, are a diverse group of worms belonging to the phylum Nematoda. Nematodes are characterized

Fusarium spp.

substrate in greenhouse crops Disinfect tools, machinery and irrigation water in greenhouses Prevent plant stress Ensure that soil drainage is adequate [...] lesions, fruit rot, head blight in cereals, and post-harvest decay. Fusarium oxysporum ( Fusarium wilt ) is the species that causes vascular wilt. Initially [...] The rot is dark and wet at first. The lesions are irregular and sharp-edged. In cavities, pink sporulation becomes visible. Fusarium solani is a complex

Gummy stem blight

cucumis (Didymella bryoniae) is a fungal plant pathogen that causes gummy stem blight. Damage symptoms Mycosphaerella cucumis in cucumber causes brown lesions [...] all crop debris and disinfect the greenhouse Choose a cultivar that is less susceptible to internal fruit rot Use clean propagation material During cropping [...] harder for the fungi to enter the leaves Pick flowers within two days after opening in areas suspected of disease (only feasible in high-wire crops) Pick

Chilli thrips

fragile and yellowish straw in colour. Adults has heavily fringed wings and grey in colour. Life cycle is short and completed in 15 to 20 days as many as 25 [...] known as the chilli thrips, is an emerging pest of significant concern in greenhouse cultivation. Known for its ability to damage a wide variety of crops, [...] tissue, making them difficult to detect. Females can lay up to 100 eggs in the youngest plant tissues. Eggs are oval, whitish to yellow and kidney shaped.

Tea mosquito bug

appendages. The life cycle is completed in 15 to 20 days in summer and 45 to 60 days in winter. It has several generations per year and in extreme winter the adults [...] considered to be serious pest in tea growing areas. Helopeltis antonii attack cashew nut guava, neem and tea. Damage symptoms Helopeltis is a sucking pest [...] and adults are damaging stages which suck the sap from young leaves, tender stems and buds. The toxic saliva of the insect is injected to the plant tissues

Downy mildew of Cucurbits

germination free water is required. For most downy mildews, the optimum temperature is around 15 o C and the closer the temperature is to this, the shorter [...] ora cubensis is a plant pathogen causing downy mildew on cucurbit crops like cucumber, cantaloupe, pumpkin, watermelon and squash. Damage symptoms Downy [...] underside of the leave fluffy growth appears which is first white and later turns grey-brown. This is actually the sporulation of the pathogens extruding

Glasshouse potato aphid

leads to deformations in the growing tip of the plant. Precisely where the plant is pierced is unimportant. The piercing of the lower leaves in the crop [...] dark thorax and a dark abdomen that has pale to dark transverse bands. The body shape is similar to wingless females, but is 2.0-3.0 mm long. The glasshouse [...] and a great variety in colour. When reproduction is asexual, the young aphids are born as developed nymphs. They immediately start to feed on plant sap and

Crop Monitoring and Scouting

promptly ensures that crops remain healthy and continue to thrive. Digital scouting apps In the digital age, scouting is aided by mobile apps that can catalog [...] data in real time. These tools streamline the scouting process and make it more efficient. Using a crop scouting tool in horticulture can lead to more [...] Understanding crop monitoring and scouting In the world of agriculture and horticulture, the phrase "knowledge is power" couldn't be truer. Crop monitoring