• Tea mosquito bug

  cycle is completed in 15 to 20 days in summer and 45 to 60 days in winter. It has several generations per year and in extreme winter the adults undergo [...] about 500 eggs. The eggs are laid in all tender parts of the plant. The freshly hatched nymphs are look like spidery in general appearance due to its elongate [...] General The pest considered to be serious pest in tea growing areas. Helopeltis antonii attack cashew nut guava, neem and tea. Damage symptoms Helopeltis

• Aphids

  betraying their presence in the crop. There are two types of aphid species: those that change to other host plants in the winter, and those species that [...] Potato virus Y (PVY) is transmitted by aphids in tomato in this way, as is the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in cucumber. How to get rid of aphids Horiver Disc [...] family containing many species that cause damage in cultivated crops. The most significant aphids that occur in greenhouses are: Myzus persicae subsp. persicae

• Corn earworm

  one caterpillar surviving, which will start to feed again on the tip of the cob, making holes in the corn. In other crops, they prefer flower buds and soft [...] small quantities of eggs, between one and three, in the hairs of green ears of corn. The larvae feed on the hairs of the young corn and on the young kernels [...] cephalic capsule in the first stage, but later adopting a variety of colours such as green, brown, pink, and yellow. Other features are its size in the final

• Pierce's disease of grapevine

  depends on the plant species: in peach, bacteria are found in high numbers in the roots, whereas in plum, high numbers are found in leaves and fruits. The bacteria [...] die. This happens faster in younger vines than in older ones and faster in susceptible cultivars (within 2-3 years) than in more tolerant cultivars, which [...] dormant plants. In citrus, the bacteria can be transferred in seed used for propagation. The bacteria are limited in many regions by winter conditions with

• Bedding plants

  eschscholzia Tender annual or perennial plants are planted in a protected environment in late winter: begonia, chrysanthemum, arguranthemum, lobelia, petunia [...] perennial plants used in gardens and parks. There is a wide range of plants especially produced to demonstrate coloured flowers in spring and summer. They [...] They are easily divided in four different categories: Hardy annual plants which are planted directly into the soil already early in the season: sunflower

• Glasshouse potato aphid

  to deformations in the growing tip of the plant. Precisely where the plant is pierced is unimportant. The piercing of the lower leaves in the crop can cause [...] margins. The immediate effects of piercing by the aphids are visible in lower leaves in the form of yellow patches. Heavy yellowing may even be followed by [...] a great variety in colour. When reproduction is asexual, the young aphids are born as developed nymphs. They immediately start to feed on plant sap and

• Green peach aphid

  important insect pest in sweet pepper, tomato, cucumber and many other greenhouse crops. The aphid may originate from Asia, where its winter-hardy host plant [...] occurs early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield, Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low [...] a great variety in colour. When reproduction is asexual, the young aphids are born as developed nymphs. They immediately start to feed on plant sap and

• Dwarf bunt

  pathogen. It is a fungus known to cause the smut disease TCK smut in soft white and hard red winter wheats, as well as dwarf bunt. Damage symptoms Tilletia controversa [...] teliospores in the soil or on seed. The soil-borne teliospores are the main source of primary infection. The soil-borne teliospores may survive in soil without [...] y, these teliospores contaminate healthy kernels, which in turn become a source of disease in the next season. The optimum temperature for germination

• Melon

  are: Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus ) Muskmelon ( C. melo ) Winter melon ( B. hispida ) Cantaloupe Honeydew Sugar Melon Galia melon

• Apple scab

  of apple scab Overwintering Venturia inaequalis primarily survives the winter in infected fallen leaves on the orchard floor. Within these leaves, the fungus [...] released during spring and initiate new infections. In mild climates, the fungus may also overwinter in infected buds and produce conidia, providing an additional [...] and reduces secondary infection cycles Shred or chop fallen leaves in autumn/winter to accelerate decomposition and reduce overwintering inoculum Promote