• Aphidius colemani

  will start. The female stands on outstretched legs and bends her abdomen forward beneath the thorax and between her legs. By moving her abdomen forward, she [...] causing aphids to drop from the leaf and fall to the ground. Although many aphids die as a result, many will survive and migrate to other plants to begin new [...] a cocoon inside the aphid cuticle, causing it to swell. The cuticle turns from a hard, leathery brown to a golden yellow casing, known as a mummy. Parasitized

• Southern blight

  and roots. The main damage caused by damping-off is reduction of the stand, meaning it is very often necessary to replant, which increases the crop's [...] regularly reported as causing rotting to the root and stem in tomato plants. Significant losses occur in soils infested by the pathogen, which have a light [...] fungus may reduce the stand of the plants. Damping-off may occur during germination or establishment of the plant (seedling phase), due to the occurrence of

• Aphidius ervi

  adjusted to the particular situation. Start introduction preventively soon after planting of the crop. Introduction rates typically range from 0.25-2 per [...] pests. Once the female wasp has laid her eggs inside an aphid, the emerging larvae begin their predatory activity by feeding on the aphid's internal tissues [...] tissues. They use their mouthparts to puncture the aphid and consume its bodily fluids, ultimately leading to the host's demise. In environments where aphids

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• Diglyphus isaea

  distance from the dead host. Pupal stage: The pupa lies between the upper and lower epidermis of the leaf which are held apart by six pillars, made by the larva [...] adjusted to the particular situation. Start introduction as soon as the first mines are visible in the crop. Introduction rates typically range from 0.25-3 [...] internal tissues. As they develop, the larvae consume the leafminer from within, leading to its death. This feeding behavior is highly effective in reducing

• A dive into organic hop farming and biological crop protection

  the exciting yet challenging shift to organic farming and biological crop protection . This transition required Lukas to question traditional approaches, [...] navigates challenges and celebrates successes, his story stands as an inspiring testament to the evolving landscape of agriculture and the promising future [...] innovation in the face of change, acknowledging the importance of learning from both setbacks and triumphs in this evolving process. Beneficial insects for

• Miglyphus

  larvae by using them as a food source. This is known as host feeding. Visual effect The presence of Diglyphus isaea in the crop is signalled by short mines [...] adjusted to the particular situation. Start introduction as soon as the first mines are visible in the crop. Introduction rates typically range from 0.25-3 [...] second and third instar leaf miner larvae in the mine and lay their eggs next to them. The eggs develop into parasitic wasps inside the mine (but outside the

• Root rot of carrot

  the disease forms circular to irregular spots on the leaves that vary in colour from grey to almost black. The spots appear to be sharply defined, but under [...] leaf will die off. The fungus appears to prefer older tissue. In the field, the disease is difficult to distinguish from both Cercospora and Alternaria dauci [...] fungus develops at temperatures ranging from -3°C to 25°C, with an optimum around 18°C. Lesions are dark brown to black, moist, mostly circular spots 0.5

• Broad mite

  Damage symptoms The damage caused by the broad mite ( Polyphagotarsonemus latus ) can look similar to the damage caused by viruses. The typical pattern of [...] emus latus) are not a serious problem, as they are unable to overwinter. Mites belonging to the family of tarsonemids ( Tarsonemidae ) display a greater [...] mainly concentrated on the underside near the leaf stalk, which tends to cause the leaf to turn brown and curl up. A typical indication of an attack of broad

• Treatment of bumblebee stings and allergies

  worker or queen can withdraw her stinger, and is able to sting again. A honeybee’s stinger does have barbs. When a honeybee tries to withdraw its stinger, it [...] tears loose from the abdomen, taking the venom gland with it. How to prevent bumblebee stings? Bumblebees rarely sting. The chance of being stung by a bumblebee [...] bumblebee allergy. This treatment is intended to desensitize the body to bumblebee venom. If you do not wish to undergo hyposensitization treatment, you can