• Beneficial microorganisms

  biological systems and organisms. These microorganisms play a crucial role in biological pest control by effectively infecting and controlling harmful [...] for pest control include fungi, bacteria and viruses that naturally occur in environments such as soil, water, and air. These microorganisms are harnessed [...] examples of beneficial microbes are the fungi Akanthomyces muscarius , Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Isaria fumosoroseus and the bacterium

• Tea spider mite

  Infestation results in reduced photosynthetic activity of leaves, subsequently leaves wilt and defoliation occurs due to increased transpiration and moisture loss [...] Absence of shade, high temperature and dry conditions are congenial conditions for pest outbreak. Life cycle and appearance The life cycle of spider mites [...] along the veins and mid-rib on upper surface of the leaves. Freshly hatched larva is yellow orange and the larval period is followed by the first quiescent

• Potato

  is an integral part of the world’s food supply and many people’s diet. In terms of volume, potato is the fourth-largest food crop in the world, after maize [...] herbaceous perennial and came to Europe from Latin America in the second half of the 16th century. Potatoes as a food crop were introduced by the Spanish. Now [...] maize, wheat and rice. Potato plants grow up to some 60 cm tall. Its leaves die after flowering, fruiting and the development of the potatoes. The plant’s

• Gherkin

  (usually referred to as ‘pickle’ in the United States and Canada or generically as ‘gherkin’ in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Australia) is actually a regular [...] is pickled in vinegar, a brine or some other solution. It is then left to ferment for a certain period of time. Fermentation takes place by putting the [...] the cucumbers in an acidic solution or use lacto-fermentation to sour them.

• Radish

  was already domesticated in Europe in pre-Roman times. Radish comes in several varieties that all vary in flavour, colour, size and time it takes to mature [...] that are produced by the plant, namely glucosinolate, myrosinase, and isothiocyanate. Radish is now produced and consumed in all parts of the world. The seeds [...] used to produce oil. Other varieties are developed for sprouting and their roots and leaves are consumed either cooked or cold.

• Enermix

  Cardboard strips with 5 cards each, wrapped in plastic, in a cardboard box, each card holds 60 parasitized whitefly pupae, 30 E. formosa and 30 E. eremicus [...] exposed to direct sunlight Dosage The dosage of Enermix depends on climate, crop and whitefly density and should always be adjusted to the particular situation [...] effective at temperatures between 20°C and 25°C (68 and 77°F). At a 24 hours average temperature below 17°C/63°F the control of whiteflies may be insufficient

• Oleander aphid

  similar to apterae in appearance except that they are smaller. Size ranges from 1.5 to 2.6 mm in length. Females are viviparous and parthenogenetic, meaning [...] common pest of several important ornamental plants in the families Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae. It is commonly found feeding on oleander and milkweeds [...] an, and can be found in tropical to warm temperate regions throughout the world. It probably originated in the Mediterranean region, the origin of its

• Codling moth

  caterpillars of the last generation overwinter and pupate in spring. Larvae still in the apples at harvest can often be found in cracks in apple boxes or [...] is a notorious, worldwide pest of apple and also occasionally of pear, quince, peach and other fruits. It is very common in Europe. Damage symptoms After [...] entry hole can be seen and is usually plugged by dry frass. The larva then burrows towards the core and eats a large proportion of the flesh, leaving behind

• A dive into organic hop farming and biological crop protection

  need for resilience and innovation in the face of change, acknowledging the importance of learning from both setbacks and triumphs in this evolving process [...] represents the potential of organic farming and the integration of beneficial insects in crop protection. As he navigates challenges and celebrates successes [...] emphasizes the important role of beneficial insects in their organic farming approach. By introducing predatory mites and other beneficial insects, Lukas

• Tobacco aphid

  Life cycle and appearance of Tobacco aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. [...] evolved from the peach potato aphid in the Far East and is a key pest of tobacco crops in both the United States and South America. The tobacco aphid ( [...] is also encountered in a range of crops in greenhouses, such as sweet pepper, aubergine, chrysanthemum, and various pot plants and cut flower crops. Damage