• Bacterial spot

  a halo. In pepper, the spots on the leaves are also round and small to start with and slightly raised from the leaf surface. They occur on the abaxial [...] as they grow. The centre of the lesions may fall out as they become drier. Under humid conditions, the spots may merge with lesions on the petioles and [...] and appearance of Bacterial spot Xanthomonas vesicatoria survives on volunteer tomato plants in the field and on diseased plant debris. The bacteria are

• Orange

  About The orange and in particular the sweet orange is the fruit that derives from the citrus species Citrus X sinensis that belongs to the family of Rutaceae [...] fruit of various kinds of oranges, the fruit of the Citrus X sinensis is regarded as a sweet orange, while the fruit of the Citrus X aurantium is recognized [...] mandarin. The hybrid however is not a basic backcrossed BC1 hybrid, but the orange is actually hybridized over multiple generations. When it comes to the fruit

• Charcoal rot

  Cutting the roots may show the same discolouration of the internal tissues of the main roots. In most crops, necrotic lesions on the roots are the first [...] wilting, dropping of leaves and collapse of the entire plant. Life cycle and appearance of Charcoal rot The fungus survives in the soil and on crop residues [...] residues as microsclerotia. In corn stalks, survival of up to 1.5 years has been reported. The density of the microsclerotia in the soil is directly related to

• Cottony soft rot

  infects the stem base and the roots, whereas the ascospores infect the above-ground plant parts. In greenhouses, usually only mycelium is produced by the germinating [...] base. The plant above it wilts and rots. White, fluffy fungal mycelium grows on the lesions, giving this disease its name cottony soft rot. In the mycelium [...] germinating sclerotia. The fungus grows quite rapidly inside the plant and kills the host cells. On the infected plant tissue white, fluffy mycelium occurs

• Bacterial wilt, brown rot

  show signs of wilting during the day which may disappear in the early stages of infection. Under conditions favourable for the bacteria, the whole plant [...] us roots on the stem. The vascular stem tissue is coloured brown and when the stem is cut, bacterial slime oozes from the wound. This is the way to distinguish [...] colonises the xylem, causing bacterial wilt and brown rot in a very wide range of potential host plants. Damage symptoms In potato, field symptoms of Ralstonia

• Brown root rot, corky root rot

  survives in the soil and in buried tomato roots as microsclerotia. The microsclerotia germinate and produce mycelium that in turn infect the roots of tomato [...] rot. Damage symptoms The first signs of this disease, are poorly looking plants in localized areas of the greenhouse or field. The affected plants may wilt [...] lesions. On older roots, the outer layers become swollen and corky and gradually break off. The corky areas often occur as horizontal bands on the roots with

• Onion thrips

  leaves and the black dots of their excreta indicate their presence in the crop. The vigour of the plant is reduced by loss of chlorophyll. When infestations [...] eggs of the onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) are laid in leaves, flower petals and in the soft parts of stalks. They are inserted into the plant tissue with a [...] Larvae are light to yellowish green in colour, with a large head and bright red eyes. The colour of the adult depends on the food source. Onion thrips (Thrips

• Lettuce

  leaves. It is, however, often plagued on by a number of insect and mammal pests and fungal and bacterial diseases, and can suffer numerous nutrient deficiencies [...] About Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) belongs to the daisy family, Asteraceae. It is a hardy annual that is easy to cultivate and most often grown for its leaves

• Dwarf bunt

  teliospores in the soil or on seed. The soil-borne teliospores are the main source of primary infection. The soil-borne teliospores may survive in soil without [...] sporidia infect the wheat seedlings even before emergence and the fungi grow inside the plants to the growing tip. The fungi grow between the plant cells and [...] heads. The glumes are opened either on some or on all spikelets, showing the bunt (smut spore) they contain, which is larger than a normal kernel. The bunt

• Faba bean

  for the Vicia faba , a flowering plant and species belonging to the vetch and pea family Fabaceae . The name ‘broad bean’ is commonly used in the United [...] cultivated for consumption. The Vicia faba grows some 0.5–1.8 m tall and is a firm plant with sturdy stems of a square cross-section. The broad beans are broad