• Cucumber

  develop from flowers and their seed develop within the fruit, therefore in botanical terms they are classified as berries. However, like tomatoes and squash [...] cucumber plant has large leaves and it produces an elongated, cylindrical fruit that may become as long as 60 cm or 24 inches long and 10 cm or 3.9 inches in diameter [...] The cucumber originates from South Asia, more particularly in India. The plant’s cultivation history goes back some 3000 years and it is now being produced

• Chilli thrips

  ornamentals, vegetables, and fruits, this species poses challenges due to its rapid reproduction and widespread adaptability. Life cycle and damage of S [...] silvering, curling, and deformities in leaves and fruits. This feeding behavior also weakens plants by reducing photosynthetic capacity and may lead to secondary [...] whitish to yellow and kidney shaped. Nymphs are tiny, slender, fragile and yellowish straw in colour. Adults has heavily fringed wings and grey in colour

• Gummy stem blight

  specks, the new fruiting bodies with spores, become visible. On the leaves, round and extending lesions may occur. In cucumber, the most important symptom is [...] is internal fruit rot, which can only be recognized from the outside by the small narrowing of the tip of the mature fruits. The symptoms on stems, leaves [...] leaves and inside the fruits may occur together or individually. Life cycle and appearance of Gummy stem blight Mycosphaerella cucumis survives in crop debris

• Apple scab

  regular monitoring, and integrated management measures are essential to limit disease development and protect fruit quality and tree health. Damage symptoms [...] Reduced tree vigor and potential loss of return bloom from heavy defoliation Lower fruit quality, storage potential, and marketable yield Life cycle of apple [...] rise and rainfall occurs, ascospores mature from bud break onwards. During wet weather, mature ascospores are released from the pseudothecia and carried

• Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

  normal colour. On the fruits, lesions first are small and sunken, water-soaked and light to dark brown. They are adjacent to wounds and natural openings at [...] at the stem end. Later the fruit becomes soft and lesion contents become liquid. Life cycle and appearance of Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot Erwinia [...] that. The pith disintegrates and the stem becomes hollow. Because of the bacterial growth in the pith, the stem seems wet and slimy. Above or below the hollow

• Fusarium spp.

  causes foot and/or root rot of the infected host plant, and the disease may manifest as wilting, stunting and chlorosis or lesions on the stem and/or leaves [...] agriculturally important crops Damage symptoms of Fusarium spp. Fusarium fungi cause vascular wilt, root rot, foot and stem rot, leaf lesions, fruit rot, head [...] different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species are considered weak pathogens and can only infect wounded or stressed

• Green peach aphid

  making the crop and its fruit sticky. Black fungal moulds ( Cladosporium spp.) grow on this honeydew, contaminating fruit and ornamental crops and rendering [...] persicae ) is an important insect pest in sweet pepper, tomato, cucumber and many other greenhouse crops. The aphid may originate from Asia, where its [...] most important vector of viral diseases. It can transmit at least 100 different viruses and is thus rightfully feared by many growers. Nymphs and adults

• Grapes

  originally from the Mediterranean region, central Europe and southwestern Asia and thus has been cultivated in Morocco and Portugal, southern Germany and Iran [...] The grape is the fruit of this plant and is actually a berry. Grapes are consumed fresh and they are processed to make wine or juice and dried to produce [...] raisins. Nowadays there are between 5,000 and 10,000 varieties of Vitis vinifera grapes, but only a few play an important commercial role when it comes to the

• Spider mites and other mites

  spider mites and other mites Spider mites and other mite species can rapidly infest greenhouse and field crops, feeding on plant cells and causing leaf [...] of habitats, from forests and grasslands to horticultural and agricultural crops. Plant mites can be a significant pest in horticulture and agriculture [...] mite eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults. Predatory bugs and gall midges complement this activity by seeking out mite hotspots and reducing outbreaks quickly

• Whitefly

  can wilt and drop. Such leaf damage can in turn influence the development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. By sucking plant sap and secreting [...] This is particularly important in ornamentals . The honeydew deposited on fruit makes it sticky. Dirt adheres to the fruit, and the growth of sooty moulds [...] greenhouse and field crops, feeding on plant sap and transmitting harmful viruses. Their feeding weakens plants, causes leaf yellowing and leads to honeydew