Bacterial canker of tomato

plants by entering through wounds and then growing into the vessels of the plant. Plant growth is inhibited and the plant wilts because the xylem vessels [...] potato, the disease usually only occurs in the second half of the season. The first symptoms are wilting of the lower leaves and subsequent expansion of the [...] Cutting the stem at the foot shows whitish ooze with bacteria in the case of C lavibacter infection, but other than that the disease is difficult to distinguish

Downy mildew of Cucurbits

Inside the plant, the pathogens produce haustoria, small organs with which the pathogen can take up nutrients from the living plant cells. The pathogens [...] brown. On the underside of the leave fluffy growth appears which is first white and later turns grey-brown. This is actually the sporulation of the pathogens [...] For most downy mildews, the optimum temperature is around 15 o C and the closer the temperature is to this, the shorter the leaf wetness period that is

Black rot of carrots

and this may lead to death of seedlings. From the primary infection of leaves, this type of carrot disease can spread to the flowers (especially dangerous [...] cause primary infection of the leaves. Survival can be several years, in the case of black rot of carrots ( Alternaria radicina ) up to 8 years. Damage symptoms [...] spores surviving in the soil are the main source of infection. Especially wheat and barley reduce the number of surviving conidia in the soil. Use resistant

Loose smut of barley

source of inoculum in the next crop. The fungus survives inside the seed and when the seed germinates, the mycelium of the fungus grows upwards inside the [...] loose smut of barley. Life cycle and appearance of Loose smut of barley The seeds are infected during flowering and the infected seeds are the primary source [...] They germinate within a day and infect the inner tissues of the newly infected seed. During maturation of the seed, the mycelium becomes thick-walled and swollen

Loose smut of wheat

source of inoculum in the next crop. The fungus survives inside the seed and when the seed germinates, the mycelium of the fungus grows upwards inside the [...] loose smut of wheat. Life cycle and appearance of Loose smut of wheat The seeds are infected during flowering and the infected seeds are the primary source [...] They germinate within a day and infect the inner tissues of the newly infected seed. During maturation of the seed, the mycelium becomes thick-walled and swollen

Root rot of carrot

is the only host plant of the fungus. How to prevent root rot of carrot Studies have shown that 3several key factors influencing the occurrence of blemishes [...] which whole sections of the leaf will die off. The fungus appears to prefer older tissue. In the field, the disease is difficult to distinguish from both [...] lesions of various shapes. The lesions can merge and eventually cover the entire surface of the carrot. The affected areas are firm, shallow, and clearly

Root and crown rot of strawberry

strawberry have been ascribed to Pestalotiopsis clavispora in the case of root and crown rot (of strawberry), first found in The Netherlands, and Pestalotiopsis [...] longisetula in the case of leaf spots, such as leaf spot of strawberry and fruit rot reported mainly from Brazil. The genus is quite complex, so the taxonomy [...] appearance of Root and crown rot of strawberry Not much is known about the life cycle. The fungus produces ascospores and conidia, but their role in the epidemic

Black root rot of cucurbits

restricted to a few of the roots but in severe cases all roots may be infected. At the final stage of the disease, only vascular tissue remains because the cortex [...] infection in this stage may kill the plants. In case of a less severe infection, the vines may wilt at a late stage of the crop, but when water supply is [...] cucumber roots. The lesions are slightly sunken and are mostly formed around the point of attachment of lateral roots and root hairs. The lesions may grow

Treatment of bumblebee stings and allergies

and is used to inject epinephrine into the thigh in the case of a sting. Tests and treatments are available at the Allergology department of the RdGG (Dr [...] bumblebee and about the possible reaction to a sting and treatment. Download the poster version of Bumblebee stings and allergies through the link below. Download [...] reaction against the injected venom develops. The response to a bumblebee sting can differ per incident. The stinger of a bumblebee or a wasp has no barbs

Broccoli

green plant. When it comes to botanical classification, the broccoli plant is categorized as part of the Italica cultivar group that belongs to the species [...] cauliflower, which belongs to a different cultivar group of the same species. The plant has a large, flowering head that is usually green. The head looks a bit [...] and branches out from a single thick, edible stalk. Broccoli (both the head and the stalk) can be cooked and eaten as a vegetable.seed