• Tomato leafminer

  oligophagous, feeding mainly on Solanaceae species . The main host is tomato but it also feeds on other solanaceous crop plants including potato, eggplant [...] blotch-shaped mines in the leaves. Caterpillars prefer leaves and stems, but they may also occur underneath the crown of the fruit and even inside the [...] leaving the epidermis intact. Fruits can be attacked as soon as they are formed but the larvae only feed on green fruits. In case of serious infection, leaves

• Tomato leaf miner

  found outdoors but in temperate regions it only occurs in greenhouses. The tomato leaf miner has been found in greenhouses for decades, but has become a [...] remain hanging on the leaf and pupate there, sometimes on the upper surface but more commonly on the underside. The late third instar larva, that emerges

• Phytoseiulus persimilis

  urticae) and has been used in many crops worldwide, mainly in greenhouses, but also in outdoor crops such as strawberries. This predatory mite was the first [...] predator of spider mites and can control spider mite infestations very quickly but doesn’t feed on any other prey. Under dry, warm conditions Phytoseiulus persimilis [...] persimilis Phytoseiulus persimilis feeds on all stages of spider mites , but has a preference for eggs. The predatory mites pierce the prey with their

• Bacterial canker of tomato

  and curl upwards, often starting at one side of the plant. They turn brown but don’t fall off. On stems and shoots light stripes form, which then tear, allowing [...] foot shows whitish ooze with bacteria in the case of C lavibacter infection, but other than that the disease is difficult to distinguish from wilting caused

• Beetles

  membranous wings beneath the wing covers. Many species are very capable fliers but others cannot fly at all. Beetle damage Both larvae and adults of beetles [...] some species feed on growing tips and roots or chew and bore into stems, but in other species also feed on leaves. Adult beetles cause damage by feeding

• Glasshouse potato aphid

  to dark transverse bands. The body shape is similar to wingless females, but is 2.0-3.0 mm long. The glasshouse potato aphid manifests both anholocyclic [...] on the same host plant. The aphid can overwinter not only in greenhouses, but also outdoors in sheltered places.

• Cotton aphid

  The cotton aphid ( Aphis gossypii ) is distributed throughout the world but prefers the warmer regions. It has been a pest in European greenhouses since [...] Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low protein content. Aphids therefore need to extract large quantities

• Loose smut of barley

  treatment of seeds. Contact fungicides are not effective Apply heat treatment, but viability and germination rate should be checked and compensated for Use resistant

• Loose smut of wheat

  treatment of seeds. Contact fungicides are not effective Apply heat treatment, but viability and germination rate should be checked and compensated for Use resistant

• Cauliflower

  and kale (collectively called "cole" crops) belong to various cultivars, but are all members of the species Brassica oleracea. The cauliflower plant is