Glasshouse potato aphid

with a brown head, a dark thorax and a dark abdomen that has pale to dark transverse bands. The body shape is similar to wingless females, but is 2.0-3 [...] aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. When reproduction is asexual, the young [...] immediately start to feed on plant sap and grow rapidly. When reproduction is sexual, the aphids lay eggs that overwinter. In greenhouses reproduction also takes

Phytoseiulus persimilis

outbreak is quickly and effectively dealt with, but the disadvantage is that it disappears rapidly in the absence of suitable prey. When prey is in short [...] deposited close to, or in a spider mite colony. They are approximately twice the size of spider mite eggs and a transparent light pink when freshly laid, turning [...] by predation. Phytoseiulus persimilis is highly specific and is only effective against spider mites that produce a large amount of webbing. It can move

Leaf stripe

The symptoms do not always occur together. Life cycle and appearance of Leaf stripe Pyrenophora graminea is monocyclic, which means there is only one disease [...] General Pyrenophora graminea is a disease of Barley that causes significant yield losses. Damage symptoms Symptoms first occur on the first, second and [...] disease cycle during the cropping season. The fungus is seed-borne and this systemic infection is the only source of primary infection. The fungus spreads

Onion thrips

the plant is reduced by loss of chlorophyll. When infestations become serious the leaves themselves can shrivel. Onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) is found mostly [...] General The onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) is distributed throughout the world. It is found outdoors on many plants and particularly damaging on onions, [...] (Thrips tabaci) develops in six stages: egg, two larval instars, prepupa, pupa, and finally the adult insect. The eggs of the onion thrips (Thrips tabaci)

Cryptolaemus montrouzieri

beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri is a species of beetle belonging to the family Coccinellidae. The beneficial insect is a small but highly effective predator [...] can disperse over a large area in search of prey. Although Cryptolaemus montrouzieri prefers mealybugs, this species is known to be a polyphagous predator [...] mealybug destroyer, when using this predatory beetle as a pest control agent by observing their unique characteristics at each stage: Egg stage: Cryptolaemus

Western flower thrips

s) is currently the most damaging thrips species in many greenhouse crops. The western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) can be found on a wide [...] occidentalis) develops in six stages: egg, two larval instars, prepupa, pupa, and finally the adult insect. The eggs of the western flower thrips (Frankliniella [...] into the plant tissue with a saw-like ovipositor. Larvae are nearly transparent white or yellowish to orange-yellow, with a large head and bright red eyes

Bacterial wilt, brown rot

solanacearum is a plant pathogenic bacterium. It is a soil-borne disease and colonises the xylem, causing bacterial wilt and brown rot in a very wide range [...] Ralstonia solanacearum is a quarantine organism in Europe and considered a bioterrorist organism in the United States. It is a commonly found soil-inhabitant [...] irrigation water. Disease incidence is highest when soil moisture is high, such as during rainy periods. When temperature is low, infection may remain latent

Integrated Pest Management

What is IPM? Integrated Pest Management, often referred to as IPM, is a sustainable and environmentally responsible approach to pest management. It employs [...] employs a combination of strategies to prevent and control pests while minimizing the use of pesticides. Integrated Pest Management is a dynamic and multifaceted [...] tools to manage pests effectively. This approach is not just about eliminating pests; it's about achieving a balance in the ecosystem. The principles of IPM

Woolly apple aphid

netic and viviparous forms. Sometimes a few wingless egg-laying females are produced in autumn but their eggs do not develop further. Adult viviparous [...] to tree. Sometimes a few winged aphids are produced in summer. Winged egg-laying females are produced in early autumn but their eggs do not develop. Contrary [...] General The woolly aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum , is a serious worldwide apple pest. It is probably of North American origin and has been distributed to other

Asian citrus psyllid

citrus psyllid, ( Diaphorina citri ), is an important pest of citrus in several countries as it is a vector of a serious citrus disease called greening [...] plants and then disease is spread when adults fly to a healthy plant and injects bacteria into it as they feed. The disease can kill a citrus tree in as little [...] distances when disturbed. The psyllid’s life cycle includes an egg stage and five nymphal instars. The elongated-oval eggs are light yellow when freshly