• Mushroom

  spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source. Edible mushrooms are the fleshy and edible fruit bodies [...] several species of macrofungi (fungi which bear fruiting structures that are large enough to be observed with the naked eye). They can appear either below

• Avocado

  South Central Mexico. Its nick name points to its fruit which is botanically speaking a large berry with only one seed. The berry is green-skinned and fleshy [...] of Lauraceae . Commercially speaking, avocados are very valuable and the fruit is produced in tropical and Mediterranean regions. Avocados ripen only after

• Black root rot of cucurbits

  roots become yellow-brown to black and ultimately die. Black lesions with fruiting bodies occur more commonly at temperatures of approximately 20 °C whereas [...] cucurbits. Damage symptoms Phomopsis sclerotioides causes grey-black spots with a dark demarcation line on cucumber roots. The lesions are slightly sunken [...] the early stages of the crop results in stunted growth and smaller leaves with an intense green colour. Severe infection in this stage may kill the plants

• Tobacco whitefly

  the development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. The honeydew deposited on fruit makes it sticky. Dirt adheres to the fruit, and the growth of [...] include the appearance of chlorotic patches, yellowing, fruit and leaf fall and misshapen fruit. [...] begins to feed on plant sap very soon after emerging. The insect is covered with a white waxy substance. The adult of the tobacco whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci

• Pomegranate

  varieties that do not bear fruit are cultivated for their flowers. The pomegranate’s edible fruit is actually a berry and with regards to size sits between

• Greenhouse whitefly

  the development of fruit and lead to a reduction in yield. The honeydew deposited on fruit makes it sticky. Dirt adheres to the fruit, and the growth of [...] contains a high proportion of sugar, and the excess is excreted as honeydew, with larger larvae expelling large quantities. The damage that whiteflies cause [...] spp .) is encouraged, making it unsuitable for sale. In serious cases the fruit will rot. Sooty moulds also develop on the leaves, reducing photosynthesis

• Citrus mealybug

  and sub-tropics on outdoor crops. The insect causes damage especially in fruit trees and ornamental crops, particularly in pot plants such as ficus, palms [...] effect is a reduction of photosynthesis and therefore the yield. Flowers and fruit often drop off. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but low in proteins. In order [...] secretion of the mealybugs, reduces the ornamental value of the affected plants. Fruit and flowers are also fouled, rendering them unfit for sale, and the reduced

• Blight of pepper

  Phytophthora capsici is an oomycete plant pathogen that causes blight and fruit rot of peppers and other important commercial crops. Damage symptoms Phytophthora [...] root rot, seedling damping off and rot of stems, bulbs, tubers, leaves and fruits. Several Phytophthora species cause root- and crown rot in potted plants [...] the overwintering structures which infect the host. Zoospores are spores with flagellae, which enable them to move through water. Infection is usually

• Caterpillars

  damage they inflict: leaves are often skeletonized, with only the mid-rib left intact. Flowers, fruits and growing tips can also be eaten by larger caterpillars [...] into fruit or stems, making them difficult to detect and control. In addition to consumption of the plant, caterpillars also spoil the plant with the large [...] Caterpillars are highly destructive pests that feed on leaves, stems and fruits, causing serious damage to greenhouse and field crops. Their feeding reduces

• Apple

  mistake) is best known for the apple, the tree’s usually sweet and pomaceous fruit. Apples originate from Asia and Europe and were grown there for thousands [...] deciduous apple tree belongs to the rose family and is now cultivated for its fruit all over the world. It is the most common cultivated species of the genus [...] Currently, more than 7,500 known varieties of apples are being cultivated, each with their own characteristics. Ripe apples usually have a red, yellow, green