• Fusarium wilt

  banana, whole plantations may die and the soil may not be suitable for planting for many years to come. Life cycle and appearance of Fusarium wilt Fusarium [...] cycle, is similar to that of most Fusarium species. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil and on crop residues of infected plants as chlamydospores [...] takes place as infection of the roots at the root tip or in small wounds, for example where lateral roots branch off from the tap root. How to prevent Fusarium

• Bacterial wilt, brown rot

  conditions favourable for the bacteria, the whole plant will wilt soon after the first symptoms appear. When conditions are less conducive for disease development [...] tomato. Whereas other races have optimum temperatures of 35-37 °C, the optimum for Race 3 is 27 °C, which makes it more dangerous in temperate regions. It survives [...] make on roots help the bacteria to infect the crop Do not use cut potatoes for propagation, since cutting tubers can increase disease incidence with up to

• Loose smut of barley

  and compensated for Use resistant cultivars Perform field checks for infected seed and prevent the use of seeds from infected fields for further cropping

• Loose smut of wheat

  and compensated for Use resistant cultivars Perform field checks for infected seed and prevent the use of seeds from infected fields for further cropping

• Verticillium wilt

  Life cycle and appearance of Verticillium wilt Verticillium dahliae survives for prolonged time periods (many years) in the soil as microsclerotia, small hard [...] fungus infects the roots of plants, directly or through wounds caused by for example nematodes. The fungus then grows into the vessels of the plant and [...] Verticillium can also be seed-borne and tuber-borne. The optimum temperature for Verticillium albo-atrum is 21 °C and growth stops above 30 °C, whereas Ve

• Root and crown rot of strawberry

  much or too little water), or that are damaged by for example handling or pests. Optimum temperature for Pestalotiopsis clavispora is 19-23 °C and high humidity [...] trays, tools, gutters etc. between subsequent crops Disinfect water used for irrigation Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop

• Dwarf bunt

  in the next season. The optimum temperature for germination is 3-8 °C and it takes three to ten weeks for germination. The seedlings are infected after [...] infection. The soil-borne teliospores may survive in soil without suitable host for as long as ten years. Seed-borne transmission does occur, but is less important [...] Triticum controversa mostly attacks the 2-3 leaf stage, this is less effective for this fungus Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop

• Pomegranate wilt complex

  discoloured bands in the stem and roots. Disease cycle The fungus survives for more than 7 years in infected plant debris and soil. The pathogen spreads [...] of solution per tree to the root zone by making the ring around the tree for three times at weekly intervals. Mix 10gm Vici Routz SP in 10 liter of water

• Powdery mildew

  contact with water for no more than a few hours. Powdery mildew spores, either ascospores or conidia, don’t need nutrients or water for germination. In general [...] perithecia, structures containing ascospores. Ascospores have not been found yet for all powdery mildew fungi and especially in greenhouse crops they don’t play [...] Silicon and/or Calcium nutrition hardens the cell walls and makes it harder for the fungi to enter the leaves To reduce chances of powdery mildew in greenhouses

• Leaf stripe

  temperature during seedling emergence is critical for infection. Soil temperatures below 12 °C are most conducive for this disease and infection does not occur [...] The leaf splits at the end which makes it look shredded. This is typical for this disease. Infected plants may be stunted and heads may be distorted and