• Fusarium wilt

  vessel system of the host plant and spreads upwards inside the plants. The other species are dispersed upwards on the outside of the plant. Most Fusarium [...] yellow and wilt, mostly on one side of the plant. Finally, the whole plant wilts. Other symptoms are brown discolouration of the xylem vessels which can be [...] is similar to that of most Fusarium species. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil and on crop residues of infected plants as chlamydospores (thick

• Angular leaf spot

  form a secondary source of infection. They are dispersed by rain, irrigation water or handling of the plants. Infection of the plants happens both passively [...] most important, but also all types of vascular tissue of the crown can be infected, creating a look similar to that of a Phytophthora fragariae infection [...] cycle and appearance of Angular leaf spot Xanthomonas fragariae overwinters in plants and dead leaves, that become the primary source of infection in the spring

• Diglyphus isaea

  ). Release parasitic wasps between the leaves of the crop in the morning or in the evening The dosage of the parasitic wasp Diglyphus isaea depends on [...] a result of which the leaf miner larva dies. A few days after being parasitized, the leaf miner larva turns flaccid and brown. Older larvae of D. isaea [...] integrated pest management programs. Diglyphus isaea is used for the control of the following pests: Leaf miners The parasitic wasp Diglyphus isaea is available

• Brown root rot, corky root rot

  are poorly looking plants in localized areas of the greenhouse or field. The affected plants may wilt. Also, interveinal chlorosis of leaves and premature [...] more and more destruction of the root system and subsequent loss of vigour and further wilting. Life cycle and appearance of Brown root rot, corky root [...] Avoid frequent irrigation. Remove and destroy affected plants Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop resilience.

• Dwarf bunt

  Additionally, plants only reach a fraction of their normal height. Spikes are generally broader and the glumes opened wider, than in plants infected with [...] appearance of Dwarf bunt Tilletia controversa survives as teliospores in the soil or on seed. The soil-borne teliospores are the main source of primary infection [...] before emergence and the fungi grow inside the plants to the growing tip. The fungi grow between the plant cells and eventually grow inside the kernels.

• Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

  in the hormonal system of the plant resulting from the Rhizobium infection. Rhizobium rhizogenes puts a Ri-plasmid in the plant tissue and causes a genetic [...] system Prevent contact between the plant roots and the gutters in greenhouses Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop resilience. [...] growth of galls on the stems, which are first white and later turn brown. Only Rhizobium radiobacter causes galls and tumours on underground plant parts

• Powdery mildew

  penetrates the plant cell and takes up nutrients from the epidermal layer of plant cells. Most of the fungus remains on the outside of the plant surface. On [...] different species of fungi such as Erysiphe, Podosphaera, Oïdium, Leveillula. Damage symptoms Powdery mildew symptoms are fairly similar in all plant-pathogen [...] side of the leaf. In severe epidemics in cereals, the ears may also be infected. In pepper, the fluffy colonies occur mostly on the underside of the leaf

• Apple scab

  available. They infect the plant by direct penetration of the cuticula and then grow between the cuticula and the epidermis of the plant cells. This causes lesions [...] cuticula. The asexual conidia are released and repeat the cycle of infection of new plant parts and spore production. In autumn, the fungus produces new [...] research that has been done on the influence of climatic conditions on release of ascospores and risk of infection, a decision support systems has been

• Southern blight

  Severely affected plants present girdling of the stem, which causes wilting of the upper part, necrosis, loss of leaves, and death of the plant. Symptoms begin [...] reduce the stand of the plants. Damping-off may occur during germination or establishment of the plant (seedling phase), due to the occurrence of fungi inhabiting [...] important plant pathogen that inhabits the soil, and is responsible for root and stem rot, wilting and damping-off of seedlings. It has a wide range of hosts

• Cercospora leaf spot

  many species of Cercospora species depending on the plant type infected. Infected seeds, infected plants and plant debris are primary source of infection [...] conidia. High humidity favours the spread of the disease and severity. The fungus has the ability to overwinter in plant debris and remains in the field for [...] the rate 1.25 to 1.5 ml per litre of water at 12-15 days intervals as preventative spray and or after recognition of the disease symptoms. Symptoms Leaf