• Beet armyworm

  It is highly polyphagous, feeding on plants of more than 20 families. It is a serious pest in greenhouses, where it feeds on ornamental plants such as [...] the ground in preparation for pupation. Although pupation sometimes occurs in the crop, it usually takes place on the surface of the ground in a loosely [...] s migrate to the top of the plant where they feed mainly on the growing tips. They produce large holes in the leaf, sometimes stripping the leaf down to

• Spider mites and other mites

  characteristics and feeding habits. Plant mites generally thrive in warm and dry conditions, which is why they are often problematic in greenhouses and during [...] are often found in colonies on the undersides of leaves, where they feed on the plant's sap. The damage caused by plant mites can result in discolored or [...] Plant mites are a diverse group of small arthropods that feed on plant sap. They are found in a wide variety of habitats, from forests and grasslands to

• Tomato leaf miner

  crop damage in many parts of the world, including North Africa, Europe and northern Asia. In warmer regions, the insect is found outdoors but in temperate [...] occurs in greenhouses. The tomato leaf miner has been found in greenhouses for decades, but has become a common pest since the 1960’s, particularly in sweet [...] cosmetic damage. In (sub-)tropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown plants

• American serpentine leaf miner

  cosmetic damage. In tropical and subtropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown [...] millimetres long. When the adult females feed or lay eggs, they bore a hole using their toothed ovipositor, usually in the upper side of the leaf. Egg spots [...] exit hole in the leaf with its mouth parts. After roughly one hour the larva crawls out of the leaf and falls to the ground. This occurs in the early morning

• Leaf miners

  cosmetic damage. In (sub)tropical areas this can lead to burning in fruit such as tomato and melon. Loss of leaves also reduces yield. In full-grown plants [...] The leaf miner species that cause damage in horticultural crops are mostly polyphagous; that is, they feed on many crops. However, this is not universal [...] species in this family, only eleven are truly polyphagous. The species that cause most damage all belong to the genus Liriomyza and are very common in temperate

• Orius laevigatus

  predatory bug used in biological pest control of thrips . This beneficial insect has been extensively integrated into pest management strategies in various ag [...] laevigatus is available in a bottle ( Thripor-L ) Shake bottle gently before use Spread material on clean rock wool slabs, leaves and/or in application boxes [...] boxes (Dibox) Apply in groups of at least 50 insects in order to establish a population and encourage mating Make sure the material remains undisturbed at the

• Mealybugs and scales

  fruit are concerned, these often drop off; plant sap is low in proteins and rich in sugars. In order to gain an adequate intake of protein, mealybugs must [...] scales also produce honeydew (on which moulds grow) resulting in considerable damage in ornamental and fruit crops and loss of value. Armoured scales do [...] sale, and the reduced level of photosynthesis in the leaves also reduces flower and fruit production; in ornamental crops, the mere presence of mealybugs

• Chilli thrips

  Larvae and adults feed on the underside of leaves, creating silvering, curling, and deformities in leaves and fruits. This feeding behavior also weakens [...] eggs in the youngest plant tissues. Eggs are oval, whitish to yellow and kidney shaped. Nymphs are tiny, slender, fragile and yellowish straw in colour [...] colour. Adults has heavily fringed wings and grey in colour. Life cycle is short and completed in 15 to 20 days as many as 25 overlapping generations per year

• Cutworms

  'shotholes' while feeding on tender leaves of seedlings. Third to seventh instars become negatively phototaxic and feed mostly at night and hide in the ground [...] reach 4 cm or more when fully grown. The caterpillars may be encountered in the soil in a characteristic, circular position. Pupa are brown to dark brown and [...] ipsilon and the turnip moth Agrotis segetum . The larvae of these moths usually feed on roots and plant parts close to the ground, thereby often cutting the stems

• Anagyrus vladimiri

  death of the host. Anagyrus vladimiri also engages in host feeding, where the adult female wasp feeds on the body fluids of its mealybug hosts. This behavior [...] female is about 1.5-2 mm in length and brown, with distinctive black and white banded antennae. The male is 0.8 mm in length and black in colour. Anagyrus vladimiri [...] vladimir is available in a bottle ( Citripar ). Remove the label from the bottle according to the instructions Hang the bottle in the crop, out of direct