Bacterial canker of tomato

years. On other fields on the same farm, no seed potatoes can be grown for one year after infection. Damage symptoms Clavibacter causes spots on stems, [...] They turn brown but don’t fall off. On stems and shoots light stripes form, which then tear, allowing cankers to form. On tomato leaves, water-soaked lesions [...] greenhouse structures Use a crop rotation in field crops of at least two years and alternate with a non-host crop Apply deep-ploughing to stimulate the decay

Apple collar rot

off, a reduced root system and black discolouration of the roots. On the foot, dark brown lesions with sharp borders occur. Above the graft and on leaves [...] For germination on above-ground plant parts, leaf wetness is required. Dispersal by wind and rain causes the pathogen to be returned to the soil from infected [...] are spores with flagellae, which enable them to move through water. Infection is usually from the root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot also

Fusarium head blight or scab

General Fusarium is a group of soil-borne fungi with many different species. Fusarium is widespread and can infect a range of host crops. Many species [...] In general, most Fusarium specieshave a similar life cycle. Fusarium overwinters for many years in the soil and on crop residues of infected plants as [...] older, lower leaves. The spores are dispersed upwards to the ears by splashing rain drops or wind. On the infected ears, the typical pink spores are produced

Dwarf bunt

General Tilletia controversa is a plant pathogen. It is a fungus known to cause the smut disease TCK smut in soft white and hard red winter wheats, as [...] The glumes are opened either on some or on all spikelets, showing the bunt (smut spore) they contain, which is larger than a normal kernel. The bunt balls [...] the whole kernel becomes a bunt ball full of teliospores. These balls break during harvest allowing the teliospores to fall to the ground. Additionally

Phytophthora blight

growth on the leaves. The centre is grey-brown with a light-green edge. On the stem, elongated brown lesions occur, usually circling the stem. On potato [...] For germination on above-ground plant parts, leaf wetness is required. Dispersal is by wind and rain causes the pathogen to be returned to the soil from [...] Zoospores are spores with flagellae which enable them to move through water. Infection is usually from the root to the foot, but direct infection of the foot also

Bactosan

species-specific Pherodis pheromone and fruit fly attractant to catch both males and females. When to use Bactosan trap? Install the traps 2 - 3 days before [...] Bactosan trapping system can be used to detect new infestations of fruit flies as well as for monitoring insect populations. How does Bactosan trap work? Bactosan [...] Bactosan trap is used for trapping a wide variety of fruit flies . The trap is baited with an fruit fly attractant to lure both male and female pest. Flies

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Bacterial wilt, brown rot

can increase disease incidence with up to 250% Quarantine measures are in place, including a five-year ban on using a field for potato cropping after infection [...] solanacearum is a plant pathogenic bacterium. It is a soil-borne disease and colonises the xylem, causing bacterial wilt and brown rot in a very wide range [...] Ralstonia solanacearum is a quarantine organism in Europe and considered a bioterrorist organism in the United States. It is a commonly found soil-inhabitant

Black sigatoka disease

yellow spots or streaks on leaves of about one month old. The symptoms run parallel to the veins. Within a few days, the spots become a few centimetres in size [...] infection takes a minimum of two or three days under optimal conditions (humidity close to saturation and temperature above 20 °C). How to prevent Black [...] brown and ultimately dies. In cases of severe infection leaves may die within a few weeks. Because of the lack of leaf tissues, fruit maturity is hampered

Black leg of seedlings

of the root system survives. On the border between air and soil or substrate the plant turns brown. A typical symptom of a Pythium infection is the easy [...] from the root cortex with a finger nail. Life cycle and appearance of Black leg of seedlings Pythium belongs to the Oomycetes, a separate group of microorganisms [...] similarly damaged spots. On the infected plant, new sporangia with zoospores are formed, that allow the disease to spread to neighbouring plants. The zoospores