Charcoal rot

crops in temperate regions it is therefore not a problem. How to prevent Charcoal rot Plant in fields with no history of the disease Use disease-free planting [...] General Macrophomina phaseolina is a common soil fungus in warmer regions, causing charcoal rot. It has a very wide range of host crops, many of which [...] mostly found after plants are well established and after plants begin bearing fruit or are subjected to stress. Severely infected plants collapse and die

Angular leaf spot

overwinters in plants and dead leaves, that become the primary source of infection in the spring. The bacteria are also introduced in a crop in new transplants [...] . This bacterium is very resistant to desiccation and can survive well in dry leaves or leaves in the soil, but not independantly in the soil. Under humid [...] nights, in combination with high humidity or presence of water. These conditions occur mostly in the spring if it rains or when sprinkler irrigation is used

Green peach aphid

winter-hardy host plant, the peach tree, is native, however it is now a pest with a world-wide distribution. The green peach aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. persicae [...] early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield, Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low protein [...] extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if

Millet

highly tolerant to drought and other extreme weather conditions. Millets has incredibly rich composition of nutrients. Millets play a role in preventing and [...] Millets are important in semiarid tropics of Asia. Most of the millets are of short duration taking 3 – 4 months from sowing to harvesting under dry,

Crop Protection

benefits. Lower risk to human health Biological crop protection poses minimum to no risks to growers and consumers. It reduces exposure to toxic chemicals, [...] products. What is biological crop protection? Biological crop protection, often referred to as biocontrol, is a natural and sustainable approach to managing [...] Crop protection in agriculture Crop protection is the practice of protecting plants against pests, diseases, and harmful influences to ensure healthy growth

Dwarf bunt

General Tilletia controversa is a plant pathogen. It is a fungus known to cause the smut disease TCK smut in soft white and hard red winter wheats, as [...] kernels, which in turn become a source of disease in the next season. The optimum temperature for germination is 3-8 °C and it takes three to ten weeks for [...] Additionally, plants only reach a fraction of their normal height. Spikes are generally broader and the glumes opened wider, than in plants infected with

Black leg of seedlings

General Pythium is considered a ‘weak pathogen’, meaning that it can usually only affect plants that are in a sub-optimal condition or suffer from stress [...] affects roots, in particular those of seedlings. Infected plants lag in growth. Seedlings fall over (‘ damping-off ’). In slightly older plants, the leaves [...] yellow, for example in flower bulbs. At first, the plants recover during the night, but later the plants wilt irreversibly. In potted plants the flower buds

Cotton aphid

early enough in the season, the death of young plants. Retarded growth and defoliation reduce yield. Plant sap is rich in sugars, but has a low protein [...] extract nutrients from the plant and disturb the balance of growth hormones. As a result, the plant’s growth is retarded giving rise to deformed leaves or, if [...] need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit

Loose smut of wheat

smut of wheat General Ustilago nuda f.sp. tritici is a basidiomyceteous fungus that affects wheat. It is also known as loose wheat smut, or loose smut of [...] emergence. The first sign of infection is the appearance of a smutted ear. Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut spores. Solution [...] inoculum in the next crop. The fungus survives inside the seed and when the seed germinates, the mycelium of the fungus grows upwards inside the plant into

Loose smut of barley

Ustilago nuda f.sp. hordei affects barley and can destroy a large proportion of the crop. It is also known as barley smut, or loose smut of barley. Life [...] emergence. The first sign of infection is the appearance of a smutted ear. Instead of normal tissue, the ear contains a mass of olive-brown smut spores. Solution [...] inoculum in the next crop. The fungus survives inside the seed and when the seed germinates, the mycelium of the fungus grows upwards inside the plant into