Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

Stem rot is first noticed when plants wilt at the time of first harvest or after that. The pith disintegrates and the stem becomes hollow. Because of the bacterial [...] subsp. carotovora has recently been renamed Pectobacterium carotovora . It is one of the pectolytic bacteria causing extensive bacterial rots (bacterial soft [...] cycle and appearance of Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora or Pectobacterium carovora is very common, but does

Brown root rot, corky root rot

more and more destruction of the root system and subsequent loss of vigour and further wilting. Life cycle and appearance of Brown root rot, corky root [...] lycopersici is a fungal plant pathogen, infecting tomatoes and aubergine. It causes brown root rot and corky root rot. Damage symptoms The first signs of this [...] looking plants in localized areas of the greenhouse or field. The affected plants may wilt. Also, interveinal chlorosis of leaves and premature defoliation

Codling moth

moth ( Cydia pomonella ) is a notorious, worldwide pest of apple and also occasionally of pear, quince, peach and other fruits. It is very common in Europe [...] or other places. Depending on the climate, there are one, two or more generations per year. The fully grown caterpillars of the last generation overwinter [...] entry hole can be seen and is usually plugged by dry frass. The larva then burrows towards the core and eats a large proportion of the flesh, leaving behind

Asian citrus psyllid

Adults feed on young stems and on leaves of all developmental stages. Nymphs feed on young leaves and stems, continuously secreting copious amounts of honeydew [...] Asian citrus psyllid, ( Diaphorina citri ), is an important pest of citrus in several countries as it is a vector of a serious citrus disease called greening [...] most of the southern states and Mexico however the state of Florida is the most affected area by the vectored disease. Damage symptoms The psyllid is a sucking

Cutworms

instars is usually observed as a cutting of young seedlings, often causing death of the cut seedlings. Sometimes wilting is observed because of partial [...] The larvae of these moths usually feed on roots and plant parts close to the ground, thereby often cutting the stems of young plants. This is where their [...] quickly moves on to other plants and continues cutting. Therefore, relatively small populations of cutworms can destroy entire stands of crops, such as

Powdery mildew

nutrients from the epidermal layer of plant cells. Most of the fungus remains on the outside of the plant surface. On the mycelium on the plant surface, new co [...] underside of the leaf, because the fungus infects the plant by entering through the stomata and there are more stomata on the underside of the leaf. On the upper [...] fungus causing powdery mildew is extremely sensitive to water and ‘hides’ on the underside of the leaves. Therefore, this is where the colonies mostly occur

Spidex Vital lives up to its promises

population develops more rapidly.’ A sense of calm on the farm The increased effectiveness of Spidex Vital is a major advantage for Sjaak van Dijk. ‘As [...] times. This is always a critical and tense moment on cucumber farms like mine. And as spider mites can cause real problems in this type of crop, an even [...] greater numbers...we shall see.’ A more robust system Based on his initial experiences, Sjaak van Dijk is pleased with Spidex Vital. ‘It’s a good sign if you

Melon thrips

smaller. Nymph development time is dependent on temperature, but host plant quality also has an influence. After completion of nymph stage, it drops to soil [...] General It is polyphagous pest and has been recorded more than 36 plants families. Damage symptoms Nymphs and adults are damaging stage. Infested leaves [...] Damaged terminal become discoloured, stunted and deformed. They preferably feed on leaves, less damage to buds and flowers. In addition to direct damage, it

Spider mites and other mites

webbing and spotting on the leaves affect the appearance of the crop. This is of particular concern in ornamental crops. Life cycle of spider mites Spider [...] Biological control of spider mites and other mites uses a range of natural enemies that target different developmental stages of the pest: Predatory mites [...] are capable of causing severe damage very rapidly due to their great reproductive capacity. There are more than 1200 species worldwide, many of them are common

Tobacco aphid

East and is a key pest of tobacco crops in both the United States and South America. The tobacco aphid ( Myzus persicae subsp. nicotianae ) is also encountered [...] therefore need to extract large quantities of sap to get sufficient protein. The excess sugar is secreted in the form of honeydew, making the crop and its fruit [...] s have a brown-black head and thorax and a reddish abdomen. There is a dark brown spot on the abdomen and several transverse black bands across the body