Black rot of carrots

seed-transferred carrot disease. The seeds are the main source of primary infection and this may lead to death of seedlings. From the primary infection of leaves [...] this type of carrot disease can spread to the flowers (especially dangerous in crops for seed production) and to the crown. Lesions of black rot of carrots [...] spores surviving in the soil are the main source of infection. Especially wheat and barley reduce the number of surviving conidia in the soil. Use resistant

Bacterial canker of tomato

efforts are used to prevent the bacterium from entering. When the occasional infection is found, strict measures are taken to eradicate the infection. In [...] brown centre. In potato, the disease usually only occurs in the second half of the season. The first symptoms are wilting of the lower leaves and subsequent [...] expansion of the wilt upwards. Cutting the stem at the foot shows whitish ooze with bacteria in the case of C lavibacter infection, but other than that the disease

Damping-off

enable the spores to move through water. The zoospores are chemically drawn to the growing roots of young plants and move towards them through the soil water [...] bulbs. At first, the plants recover during the night, but later the plants wilt irreversibly. In potted plants the flower buds fall off. The side roots rot [...] of the substrate below 70% and ensure good drainage Disinfect recirculating nutrient solutions. Increase the distance to the main substrate at the start

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Apple scab

available. They infect the plant by direct penetration of the cuticula and then grow between the cuticula and the epidermis of the plant cells. This causes [...] have already fallen off the trees. In response to the infection, the plants produce cork as a defence against further growth of the fungus. In cultivars that [...] Depending on the temperature, these ascospores mature and are subsequently released when they become wet. The ascospores are wind-dispersed to the fruit trees

Verticillium wilt

vessels. The presence of both the fungus and the gum causes the xylem vessels to get blocked, which in turn causes the plant to wilt. Spores may be wind-dispersed [...] wind-dispersed to new hosts. In the senescent tissue, the resting mycelium or the microsclerotia are formed. The spread of the fungus by mycelium growth is limited [...] wilting of plants. The wilting starts at the lower leaves. These leaves are pale-green, then orange-yellow. In the beginning the plant seems to recover at night

Bacterial soft rot, bacterial stem rot

wilt at the time of first harvest or after that. The pith disintegrates and the stem becomes hollow. Because of the bacterial growth in the pith, the stem [...] below the hollow stem the vascular tissue keeps its normal colour. On the fruits, lesions first are small and sunken, water-soaked and light to dark brown [...] plants or in the soil in low densities. It has also been found in the gut of insects, possibly spreading from decaying vegetation to the growing crop that

Bacterial wilt, brown rot

roots on the stem. The vascular stem tissue is coloured brown and when the stem is cut, bacterial slime oozes from the wound. This is the way to distinguish [...] common with bacterial slime oozing from the cut. When the bacteria transfers to young plants through infected tubers, the wilting and collapse of plants happens [...] signs of wilting during the day which may disappear in the early stages of infection. Under conditions favourable for the bacteria, the whole plant will wilt

Crazy roots, hairy roots, crown gall

Adjust the work order in greenhouses to fit with the hygiene protocol Disinfect the nutrient solution in order to prevent biofilm growth inside the irrigation [...] crown gall The primary source of infection by Rhizobium rhizogenes has not yet been defined. The assumption is that the bacteria survive in the soil, but [...] from crazy roots. This disease seems to be caused by a change in the hormonal system of the plant resulting from the Rhizobium infection. Rhizobium rhizogenes

Southern blight

lesions on the stem. As the damage progresses, it causes darkening and rotting of the stem, resulting in the destruction of the cortex and the main root [...] reduce the stand of the plants. Damping-off may occur during germination or establishment of the plant (seedling phase), due to the occurrence of fungi [...] close to the surface of the stem. In favourable conditions, the sclerotia can germinate in two forms, hyphal or eruptive, causing infection in the plants